Ncert CLASS 11TH

Chapter -1

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ESSAY- TERRORISM

TERRORISM:

  “Terrorists are the greatest enemy of humanity. They have no religion and no mercy.”

                           “Terrorists are like the devils of Ramayana and Mahabharata.”

Introduction: India is very large country. The people of different caste and religion live here together. Sometimes a group of cruel people start killing the innocent persons. Such killing is very dangerous to life and the nation. Such actions are done by antisocial elements. These people are called as terrorists. They are very selfish and attack everywhere to create fear among the people. They also change the national property.They kidnap doctors, officers, scientists and some famous personality of the country. This is the problem of whole world now. Our Govt. is very serious to solve it.

Description: Terrorism has spread almost every country in the world. These people disturb the law and order and also damage national property. They kill many people without any aim. They set bombs at railway stations and in the busy markets.

Now they are not leaving our religious places. They enter in the temples and kill many innocent persons. Some days ago they attacked parliament and wanted to kill important leaders of India but failed. In Kashmir this problem is very serious. The terrorists are killing many people with the help of Pakistan. Indian forces are trying their best to face this problem.

                  The problem of terrorism can be seen in Sri Lanka, Pakistan, Taliban, U.S.A. and in Bangladesh. Recently we have seen a great attack in Mumbai. Though the terrorist could not save their life yet they killed some brave police officers and more than two hundred people. Their activities fill terror in the mind of people. They are very powerful and attack with the help of advance weapon. Indian Government is very aware of this problem. Many operations have been started for controlling this problem. The moral of Indian army is very high. So these cruel people would not get success in their aim.

Conclusion: Terrorism is always harmful for all the actions. It only disturbs our unity, place and rest of life but it can never get success in its aim. Later or sooner these people are killed or they commit suicide.

If we want to live happy, we should live with unity and be faithful to our motherland. We should never shelter any antisocial elements. We should help the Govt. to punish them. Thus this problem can be abolished from the country forever.

ESSAY-YOUR AIM OF LIFE

                                                                  YOUR AIM OF LIFE   

“An aimless life is like a ship without engine.”

                  “A man who has no aim in life passes blind, bitter and blundering life.”

                                    “Think before you act and look before you leap.”

1. Introduction: Man is a social animal. He lives and dies into the society. His life is like a journey. Everyone goes on a journey with some goal. But an aimless life is practically no life. Man’s ambition put him into action. So we must have some aim in life. The people, who decided no profession, are sure to pass an unhappy life. So the right choice of profession is very necessary. It is the key to success. It makes us active and strong in life.

2. Description: The question of choosing a job was not very difficult in the past. The son generally followed the profession of his father. But it is not possible now. Time has changed. Everyone wants to do some different job according to his liking and his talent. So the right choice of job is very important. It should also be according to your ability and your family.

               Everyone have no matter rich or poor, weak or wise dreams about his bright future. Someone wants to become a lawyer, teacher engineer, social workers and writer.

I do not want to become any of them. I want to become a doctor.

I do not want to become a lawyer because a lawyer is Loir.

I do not want to become a teacher because now-a-days sincere teacher are very rare and someone are used in teaching is cheating. It is said by the chief justice. Mr. Ali begs of the Supreme Court though it is a satire but fully true.

I want to become a Doctor. This is the only ambition of my life. It is according my test and talent. My parents are also agreeing with me.

It is an ideal job. It is free from corruption with the help of this job. I can serve the society in better way. A doctor is next to God for sick person. He is called life giver in the world. A good doctor spends time, energy and skill for the good of patients.

I want to serve the people of my village. I will open my clinic there. I will not take any fees from the poor and helpless people. Generally the doctor cares more for money and comforts. They like to live in a big house and have a car for their use. They do not help the poor and people. But I shall not do so. ‘Serving the humanity’ will be my only aim of life. I will help the people by giving them medicines and free advice. I will try to cure the patients as early as possible. I will remove their pains and problems. I will not run after money and luxury.

3. Conclusion: it is not high position that I wish to become a doctor. I will sure get success in my aim. It will give me true peace and pleasure.

Honesty and dedication will be my principal may God fulfill my desire!

ENGLISH-1ST PAPER- MERCHANT OF VENICE(XII)

Short Answer Type Question:(answer the following question in not more than 30 words. )

Q .1) What is Merchant of Venice?

Ans. Shakespeare has written 37 plays in all. The Merchant of Venice is a tragic comedy. It was published in 1600.

Q.2) What is the main theme of the play ‘The Merchant Of Venice.’?

Ans. The victory of justice over wickedness is the main theme of the play ‘The Merchant Of Venice’.

Q .3) Who is Portia?

Ans. Portia is the central character in the play ‘The Merchant Of Venice.’ She is the actress of the play. She is a doctor of law. She is beautiful, honorable, witty, self confident and dutiful.

Q .4) Who was Antonio? Why was he unhappy?

Ans. Antonio was a merchant. He was unhappy because he had not enough money to marry with Portia.

Q .5) Why was shylock full of hatred for Antonio?

Ans. Shylock was a Jew and he knew that Antonio was full of hatred for the Jews. He also criticized for lending money at a very high rate of interest. So Shylock hatred Antonio.

Q .6) What was the bond against which Antonio borrowed money from shylock?

Ans. Antonio borrowed money from shylock against the bond that if the money was not paid back, shylock would have the right to cut off a pound of Antonio’s flesh.

Q .7) Why was Antonio not able to pay shylock’s money back?

Ans. Antonio not able to pay shylock’s money back because his ship was wrecked and he was ruined.

Q.8) Why was Shylock willing to give money to Antonio?

 Ans. Shylock was willing to give money to Antonio because he wanted to get an opportunity to take revenge against Antonio if he could not pay the debt.

Q.9) Who was Bassanio?

Ans. Bassanio was thye friend of Antonio. He loved Antonio very much. In return of his love Antonio borrowed money from Shylock and helped Bassanio in marrying Portia.

Q.10) Who was the Judge in the trial? How did he want to calm down Shylock?

Ans. The Duke was the judge in the trial. He wanted to calm down Shylock by appealing him to be merciful and kind to Antonio but it was useless.

Q.11) Why did Antonio borrow money from Shylock?

 Ans. Antonio wanted to help his friend Bassanio who wanted to married with Portia. But Antonio had no money at that time so he borrowed money from Shylock.

Q.12) What are the views of Portia about mercy in the court scene?

Ans. Portia glorifies mercy in the court. She describes mercy as the divine virtue. In her opinion mercy is a natural quality. Which blesses all.

Q.13) Why did Jessica run away from her house?

Ans. Jessica, the daughter of Shylock, wanted to marry a Christian and defamed Shylock’s family.

Q14) Why was Jessica not afraid of her father’s sin?

Ans. Jessica was not afraid of her father’s sin because she was sure that goodness of Lorenzo would save her.

Long Answer Type Question:

Q.1) Give a character sketch of Portia?OR

What qualities do you find in the character of Portia?

Ans. Portia is the chief character in the play ‘The Merchant of Venice’ by ‘William Shakespeare’. Indeed ‘this is Portia who changed the play’. She is blend of beauty and magical personality.

1. Dominating character – If we look upon other character of the play we find that Portia is the dominating character in the play. Her personality is the combination of both the masculine and feminine qualities. She is really the pivot of the play.

2. Her beauty - Portia is one of the most beautiful heroines of Shakespeare. The prince of Morocco is infatuated by Portia’s beauty. Bassinio is also attracted to her.

3. Witty – Portia is a lady who has witty as well as wit. this is really a rare quality in women. She delivers eloquent speech in the court and praises the noble quality of mercy.

4. Dutifulness – Portia is a women of duty and honor. She is the women believing in all the qualities which enhance the dignity of noble men.

5. Sense of justice – Portia has great sense of justice. In the court she defends Antonio on the ground of mercy. She elaborates the quality of mercy and dignifies mercy as a divine quality when mingled with justice.

Q.2) Give a character sketch of Antonio?

Ans. Antonio is a significant character in the play ‘The Merchant of Venice’. He is in the play from beginning to end. Indeed the play has been named after Antonio. The qualities in his character are given below.

1. Nobility –Antonio is a man of noble virtues. He is generous and kind hearted. He is free from ill will and is always ready to help other in need.

2. A man of struggle – Antonio is a man of real strength. He is really indifferent to pleasure and pains. He takes them naturally. In the beginning his melancholy when he says,

                       ‘In sooth, I know not why I am sad.’

3. his grudge for shylock – Antonio is full of great grudge for shylock because Shylock is a Jew and lends money at a very high rate of interest. Antonio compares Shylock with a Dog. He comments,

                           “I am as like to call thee a dog so again,

                            To spit on thee again, to spurn thee too.

4. His flaws – Antonio has some flaws too. He hates all the religious except Christianity. He is so simple that he fails to see through the tricks of Shylock on an illogical condition.   

Q.3) Give a sketch of Bassanio?

Ans. Bassanio is an important character in the play. He is married to Portia, the heroine of the play. He is the friend of Antonio.

1. His personality -  Bassanio is a man of impressive personality. His charms of personality of attract all. Portia praises him by saying, “he of all men that ever my foolish eyes looked upon was the best deserving a fair lady.”

2. Spend thrift – Bassanio is a spend thrift man. His friend and servant flatter him because of his extravagant nature. He gives his good clothes to his servants. He gives free food to friend and servant and he is pleased by his generosity.

3. A true friend – Bassanio is a man who values friendship above everything in life. He loves Antonio and is full of great respect for him. About Antonio he speaks

“The greatest friend for me, the kindliest man.”

Again he says to Antonio

                         “Antonio, I would sacrifice, myself, my wife, dear to me as life and all the world to save you from the devil.”

4. Wise – Bassanio is a wise man who takes life wisely. He shows wisdom in selecting the right casket and winning the hand of Portia.

Q.4) Give a character sketch of Shylock?

Ans. Shylock is a negative character in the play ‘The Merchant of Venice’. He is misery money lender and a rich Jew of Venice.

1. His personality – Shylock is a physically strong. He has sharp eyes and long hair. He is intellectual. He has suspicious nature. He is really a hypocrite.

2. Greedy and selfish – Shylock is selfish and greedy. Money is really his religion. When his daughter Jessica runs away with her lover with his gold, Shylock does not lament for her so much as for his gold.

3. His hatred for Antonio – Shylock is full of hatred for Antonio because Antonio is a Christian. He loves the Jews In his opinion. “Endurance of wrong is the characteristic of the whole Jewish race”.

4. Scheming and revengeful – Shylock is a scheming and revengeful person. He is very cunning. He lends money to Antonio with an evil plan in his mind. He takes Antonio in his faith and cunningly makes him sign the bond.

         Shylock is a wicked person but he has some good qualities too. He is firm, bold and’ intelligent but he uses these qualities wrongly.

Q .5) Why did shylock hate Antonio?

Ans. Shylock is a significant character in the play. His hatred is the chief theme of the play. His hatred for Antonio is deep rooted. The hatred reason are given below:

1. Antonio was a Christian and shylock was a Jew. Antonio had a strong faith in his religion. Shylock hates Antonio because he is a Christian and he shows his strong faith in his religion.

2. There was business deal between Shylock and Antonio. Antonio was an honest and hard working trader. He used to lend money others at normal rate of interest. He was ready to help the needy but Shylock was a different kind of man. He lent money at very high rate of interest. Shylock did not like Antonio’s habit of helping the needy. So Shylock hated Antonio.

3. Antonio damn shylock for charging so much interest. He scolded shylock in public. This was an insult for shylock. So he was full of hatred of Antonio.

Q .6) What are the views of Portia about the quality of Mercy?

Ans. The Merchant Of Venice is one of the best and most popular plays of Shakespeare. This play appeals to all to merciful and forget the feeling of revenge. Portia, The heroine of the play define the virtue of  mercy and tries to be merciful on Antonio as a blessing of Shylock.

Mercy- A Noble Virtue: Portia is trying to change the mind of Shylock. She says that mercy is noble and natural quality which can never be forced. It flows freely from the heart of the man as the rain falls freely from the sky upon the earth. It is beneficial for both- the giver and the receiver.

A divine virtue: Portia disclose the prestige of Mercy. She says that it is a divine virtue. It is the quality, always lives in God’s heart. It is more powerful than any other quality in the world. She also says to judge specially that The decision of a king becomes divine and popular when Mercy is mixed in to Justice.

So Shylock should have mercy on Antonio.

ENGLISH-1ST PAPER- SHORT STORY(XII) STORY-3 & 4

                                                                         Story -3

                                                                    The Lost Child                                -Mulk Raj Anand.

Short Answer Type Question:-

Q.1) What arrested the eyes of the little boy when he left for the fair?

Ans. The little boy passed through the way lined by the toys shops. His eyes were arrested by the toys.

Q.2) How did the parents behave when the little boy pleaded for the toy?

Ans. When the little boy pleaded for the toy, his father looked at him in his common refusing way. Mother Was tender, giving him to her finger to catch, she asked him to look at what was there before him .

Q.3) How did the child make a search for his parents?

Ans. The child looked in all direction for his parents but there was no sign them. He cried loudly and ran suddenly for his parents. He ran ‘to a fro’ to see his father- mother. He ran towards the temple. He ran though the feet of people but could not see his parents.

Q.4) What did the man ask the child? What did the child reply?  

Ans. the man asked the child how he got there and whose baby. He was! The child wept bitterly than ever now. He only cried, “I want my mother, I want my father!”

Q.5) What was the over whelming desires the child when he saw the balloons?

Ans. When the child saw the balloons of yellow, red, green and purple color, He was carried away by the rainbow glory of silken colors. His desire was to them all.

Long Answer Type Question:-

Q.1) Describe the felling and behavior of the child when he relished that he had lost his parents?

Ans. The lost child is a very popular story by Mulk Raj Anand. It deals with child psychology.

                It was the festival of spring. A fair was held in village. Many people in pale clothes went to visit in the fair. A little boy also went to visit the fair with his parents. As they entered the fair the child saw a sweet meat counter, a follower seller, balloons and juggler. At last he saw a roundabout in full swing, men, women and children were enjoying it. The child watched them carefully and wanted to enjoy it. When he saw it stop, he made a bold request, “I want to go on the roundabout please, father, mother.”

              There was no reply. The child turned to look his parents. They were not there. He looked behind. There was no sign of them thus the child lost his parents.

              The separation of the parents brought about the felling of security in the child. His throat was dry, he wept loudly and he ran here and there. Crying in fear, “ mother, father”.

                Hot tears rolled down from his eyes. His yellow turban became untied. He was wet with sweat. He ran to green grassland but his parents were not there. He ran towards a temple. He struggle to a find away. He was knocked by the paws of people. He was about to be a trembled Underfoot. If he had no cried, loudly, “ father, mother.”

               A man heard his painful voice. He lifted him up in his arms and at once underfoot the whole story. He could not find out his parents. The child was very fearful and weeping badly. He didn’t want to see anything except his parents.

      

  

When the parents were lost the child psychology work. However unkindly his parents were . They were his solace and hope. He could not trust a man though he was very kind and loving. The child was offered all the things which he wanted earlier but he was not ready to enjoy them now. His constant restrain(cry) was, “I want my mother, I want my father.”

                                                                   Story-4

                                                    An Special Experience                                 --Prem Chandra.

Short Answer Type Question:

Q .1) What were the political agitators fighting for ?

Ans . The Political agitators were Indians. They were fighting for the freedom of their country India.

Q.2) How did the wife celebrate her husband going to jail ?

Ans. The wife celebrated her husband going to jail in following manner.

1.      After returning from the court she distributed sweets among freedom fighters.

2.      She took part in a political meeting of the I.N.C.

3.      There she addressed the members of the congress token oath to follow the Satya Grah.

Q.3) why was the narrator restless the whole night?

Ans. The narrator was restless because she never wanted that her guardian Gyan Babu’s should lose his job for her sake.

            His service in the school was in danger. Due to her stay in this house so she was very nervous and afraid.

Q.4) How did the resignation of Gyan babu’s effect the principal ?

Ans. The resignation of Gyan babu’s made the principal come to his sensed. After this they put come question to Gyan babu’s and decided the case to his favor.

Q.5) How did the father and father in low of the narrator?

Ans.  The father and father –in- low of the narrator responded to telegrams with angry letters. Her father said his increment and promotion would stopped, her father in low answered that his pension could be cut off he supported her.

Long Answer Type Question:-

Q.1) Write the character- sketch of Gyan babu’s wife?

Ans. A Special experience by Prem Chandra is a patriotic story. In it the writer has told us about the special experience of a family which is full of with the feeling of patriotism.

           The story is told by a woman his husband gave sharbat and pans to the freedom fighters, and thus sent to the jail for one year by british government.

             Gyan babu’s is a teacher and the best friend of this man. After the jail of her husband she was alone and helpless at home Gyan babu’s and his wife took this woman to their home, they looked after her with great care and love but inducing so Gyan Babu’s wife empress his greatly.  She is bold and wise lady. She is also the central figure of the story.

           The main quality of her character is given below.

1. Impressive personality – Gyan Babu’s wife has good health and royal look. She decorated herself with jewellary. She is highly beautiful. She is full of self-confidence. She looks like an ideal Indian woman. Her heart is full courage and love for helpless people. This is the added beauty of her.

2. Intelligent – she is more intelligent and able than Gyan Babu. Gyan Babu is often confused shows cowardness. But she is very brave and acts like her firm adviser. She encourages him to meet all the challengers, boldly, infect she rules over her husband in a reasonable way.

3. Bold and firm – she is fearless and mantle strong women. Her father and father-in –law afraid of British Govt. but Gyan Babu Wife was not afraid of anyone. She was ready to face any situation in her life. So she was not prepared to turn the helpless women and out even at the cost of her husband service. It was her bold nature that compelled Gyan Babu’s resign the post and not be afraid of British Govt.

4. Affectionate – her heart is full of love for the helpless lady. She takes the lady to her home without caring the watch of C.I.D men and younger sister does not allow working in the house. She becomes very sad and emotional to see the condition of the lady.

               In short no character in the story can match this woman in love, wisdom, boldness, presence of mind sympathy and sacrifice. Her heart is as pure as gold. The narrator of the story said, “if there was a goddess, she is one.” She also said about her, “she was flint outside and gold inside.” 

       For all these quality I like Gyan Babu’s wife as the best character of the story. She inspire us to be fearless and be true lover of the mother land, “never bear the unfair immortal and circulate of any one in life. She is not only the heroine of this story but needs deeds and heroic.