Types of Verb

Generally there are two types of verb:

1. Finite verb

2. Non-finite verb

1. Finite Verb: The verb which discloses the definite and systematic meaning of any verb is called finite verb.

Eg. We are working hard for success in the examination.

2. Non- Finite Verb: The verb which does not disclose the definite and systematic meaning of any verb is called Non- finite verb. It does not affect the subject. It deals with verb, noun, adverb or adjective in the sentences.

Transitive verb: The verb which needsobject is called transitive verb.

Eg.Mohan plays Football daily.

You should obey your parents.

Note: Passive voice is always made with transitive verb related sentence. Intransitive and other verb is not used for passive voice.

Intransitive verb: The verb which needs no object is called Intransitive verb.

Eg.I read daily.

      He works hard.

      She laughed.

Linking verb: The verb which is used in simple sentences (present or past) is called linking verb. It links with its object. It is also called helping verb.

Eg.Is, am, are, was, were, has, have, had, will, shall, should, and would etc.

       He is a good boy.

Bhim has the power of hundred elephants.

Gerund: Adding ‘‘ing' in the first form of the verb makes Gerund. 

Eg.1. Smoking is prohibited in this room.

       2. He is fond of collecting stamps.

     3. She made omelets in a frying pan.

     4. I taught her swimming.

Infinitive: adding ‘to' before the first form of the verb makes Infinitive. 

Eg.I want to see this film.

       To see bad things is bad.

       To go there is dangerous.

PARTICIPLE

1. Present Participle: Participle is made with verbs. It is called verbal adjective also. It does the work of adjective

in the sentences.

              There are three types of  participle:

(1)Present Participle: 

Example= walking , writing  going etc.

A.     As an adjective:

Example=

(1)   Barking dogs seldom bite.

(2)   A rolling stone gathers no moss.

B.AS an object compliment:

(1) I saw him running after a dog.

(2) Did you leave the tap running.

(2) Past Participle :

Example:

Broken ,Wounded, Lost etc.

(1)   The wounded soldier died away.

(2)   I found my lost purse.

(3)    Perfect participle :

Example:

   

 Having eaten the food, I went to school.

Having + verb IIIrd form (Active voice esa)

Having been + IIIrd form (Passive voice esas)

Example:

(1)   Having written the letter, I posted it.

(2)   Having been failed, she became sad.

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TO BE CONTINUED . . . 

Types of Preposition

TYPES OF PREPOSITION AND IMPORTANT POINT:

There are five types of preposition:

1. Simple preposition

2. Double preposition

3. Compound preposition

4. Phrase preposition

5. Participle preposition

(1)Simple Preposition;- at, by, for, in, of, off, on, out, through, till, with, after, under, over, since, down, up, to, etc.

E.g:1. The book is on the table.

       2. I came from Agra.

(2) Double Preposition;- into, onto, from, among, fromwith in, fromoff, over again, etc.

E.g: 1.you have come from within the house.

       2. the boy ran into the house.

(3) Compound preposition:across, about, amidst, before, beneath, between, above, behind, beside, beyond, etc.

E.g:1.he is about to go.

       2. You are above such things.

(4)Phrase Preposition:-according to, along with, because of, by means of, by reason of, by virtue of, by way of, for the sake of, in addition to, in course of, in favor of, in front of in order to, in spite of, instead of, on account of, with a view to, with reference to, with regard to, due to etc.

E.g:-1.he acted according to my advice.

        2. Put this word in place of that.

        3. In spite of all these things, I like you very much.

(5)Participle Preposition;-barring, considering, concerning, during, excepting, including,
 saving, respecting, touching, regarding, etc.

E.g:-1.pending further inquiry, he was suspended.

2.considering the quality, the price is not much.

3.during the war, none was safe.

Not with standing this request, he was turned out.

 

Ø                 CORRECT USE OF SOME IMPORTANT PREPOSITION:

   

1.at and in- At 

E.g:1. I stayed at Dadri. Suresh lived in Bombay.

2.He lives at Indiranagar in lucknow.`

E.g:- 1.she will reach here at 12 ‘o’ clock.

1.look at the black-board.

1.The boys are in the meeting hall

2.we came to india in 1970.

 2.In And After- 

                                   E.g:1.he will recover in a work.

                          2.he will do the work after a week.

3.Behind, After- Behind (place), after; (time)

Ex: He was sitting behind a wall.

      He will come again after two hours.

4.On,Upon: 

 Ex: The cat is on the table.

 I go to the temple on Monday.

(ii) upon 

The cat jumped upon the table.

(5) By, with from: 

Ex: She will come by train.

       He killed the snake with a stick.

       He cut a branch from the tree.

6. By,Till: 

       He will reach here by 5o’clock.

       I shall wait till my father returns.

(7) Beside, Besides: 

He come and sat beside me.

           Besides a book, he bought a pencil.

Note : for more information we will discuss about preposition in syntax.

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TO BE CONTINUED . . .

Use of It and There

USE OF ‘THERE’, ‘IT’

USE OF ‘THERE’:

ð RULES:

ð  ‘There’ is used as a subject in the sentence if no subject is given in the sentence.

ð  The word – ‘There’ is used as a supportive subject.

ð  ‘There’ is used only in those sentences in which only object of the sentence are given with its helping verb.

ð  Here ‘There’ means ‘Nothing’ only it is used as a subject in the sentence in which only object are given.

èSee Some Examples:-

1.      …………………………..

There was a queen.

2.      …………………………….

There are clouds in the sky.

3.      ………………………………….

There is a temple in our village.

4.      …………………………………....

There are fifty students in his class.    

5.      ……………………………………

There is no book on this table.

6.      ……………………………………

There are not five rooms in his house.

7.      ……………………………………..

There was no well in our village.

8.      ……………………………………..

There were not twenty five students in his class.

9.      ………………………………………..

There was an angler(fisherman).

10.  ……………………………………….

There is a hospital in my village.

11.  …………………………………………

There were many scholars in the court of Akbar.

12.  ………………………………………….

There are forty girls in my class.

13.  ………………………………………….

Was there complete silence in the class?

14.  ………………………………………….

Is there shortage(lack) of food grains in our country?

15.  ……………………………………….

There is written my name on that wall.

USE OF ‘IT’:

ð RULES:

ð  ‘It’ is used as a subject in the sentence if no subject is given in the sentence.

ð  The word – ‘It’ is used as a supportive subject.

ð  ‘It’ is used only in those sentences in which only object of the sentence are given with its helping verb.

ð  Here ‘It’ means ‘Nothing’ only it is used as a subject in the sentence in which only object are given.

ð  Sentence related with ‘weather’ , ‘month’, ‘time’,  ‘days’ , ‘natural incidents’ are made by using the subject-‘It’

èSee Some Examples:-

1.      …………………………..

It is very hot today. (Weather)

2.      …………………………….

It is the month of October. (Month)

3.      ………………………………….

It is Sunday today. (Day)

4.      …………………………………....

It is 4’O clock. (Time)

5.      ……………………………………

It is raining heavily (downpour).(Weather)

6.      ……………………………………

It is growing dark. (Natural incident)

7.      ……………………………………..

It was I who saved you. (Force on subject)

8.      ……………………………………..

It was very cold yesterday.(Weather)

9.      ………………………………………..

It will not be very cold the day after tomorrow.(Weather)

10.  ……………………………………….

Was it not raining yesterday?(Weather)

11.  …………………………………………

It has been raining for two hours.(Weather)

12.  ………………………………………….

It was a very beautiful sunset. (Natural incident)

Generalknowledge

1.        There are three thousands kinds of lice in the world.

2.        Jaliyawala baag kand was happen 1919 b.c.

3.        The hottest planet is venus.

4.        The mars colour is red.

5.        The longest plateform is at khadakpur in west Bengal,india;833 mitre.

6.        The longest bridge is ‘ Akashi kayako bridge’,  Hongkong.

7.        The highest peak is mount everest.

8.        The highest town is venchwan.china.

9.        The country in which more goat is found, named india.

10.     The large no. of sheep is found in Roos in the world.

Vocabulary

11.      "babble","N","1.बडबडआना/बकवाद"
Rita's constant babble irritates Hari.

12.      "backache","N","1.पीठदर्द"
Eversinceee his accident last summer he gets these backaches.

13.      "backbiter","N","1.चुगलखोर"
Hari is a big backbiter.

14.      "backchat","N","1.पलटकरजवाबदेना"
I will not take anymore of your backchat.

15.      "bait","N","1.चारा"
Wet flour is like a bait for fishes.

16.      "bake","VT","1.सेकना"
Sita is baking breads for breakfast.

17.      "baldness","N","1.गंजापन"
Ram's baldness started too soon.

18.      "bale","N","1.गठरी"
The washerman carried bales of clothes .

19.      "ballot","V","1.मतदान"
The party balloted its members.

20.      "balmy","Adj","1.सुखदायक"
Soft music sounds balmy.

21.      "bandit","N","1.डाकू"
A group of bandits from Chambal surrendered before the police.

22.      "barbarian","N","1.असभ्य/जंगली"
Sometimes videojockies act like barbarians.

23.      "barbarous","Adj","1.गवार"
Ram treats his children barbarous trite.

24.  "barber","N","1.नाई"
Ram goes to the barber to get his hair cut.

INSTRUCTOR:

ATUL SRIVASTAVA

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“Be very strong…Be very methodical in your life if you want to be a champion.”

Conjunction

TYPES OF CONJUNCTION:

There are two types of conjunction:

1.Co – Ordination Conjunctions: it merges two equal  sentence.

E.g: And, but, for, or, nor, also, etc.

2. Subordinating Conjunction:this word merges few important sub-sentences to major important sentences.

E.g: If, that, before, after, because, as, when, unless, since etc.

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TO BE CONTINUE . . .

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Learn more in to depth and to know much more about english , be connected ..

Adverb

=> TYPES OF ADVERB

There are three types of adverb:

1. Simple adverb

2. Relative adverb

3. Interrogative adverb

1. Simple Adverb-:

e.g:1.Time: he will come now.

      2. I have done it before.

3.she arrived late.

4.Rama plays cricket daily.

(b) Place-:1. You will go there.

                   2. He looked up.

                   3. Mohan slept there.

                   4. Please come here in.

©Number-; 1.You have come again.

                       2. She always helps me.

(D) Manner-; 1.he reads clearly.

                         2. You work hard.

(E) Reason-; 1.he therefore let the class.

                      2. She is hence unable to go.

(F) Degree-; 1.he is quite wrong.

                      2. Hari is too carefree.

                      3. I am so glad.

                      4. It is good enough for you.

2. Relative Adverb-:

E.g: 1.Do you know the time when he left the house?

        2. This is the place where I saw him?

        3. This is the reason why he failed?

        4. He knows the way how an essay is written?

3. Interrogative Adverb:

   1. Where do you live?

   2. Where will you come?

   3. How did you like it?

   4. Why are you sad?

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=" Adding ‘Ly' in the Adjective makes Adverb. 

         Foolish +ly = foolishly

          certain+ly= certainly

          Careless+ly= Carelessly

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TO BE CONTINUED ... WITH ATUL SRIVASTAVA

Types of Adjective

=>TYPES OF ADJECTIVE 

Adjective can be divided by following types;

1. Adjective of quality

2. Adjective of quantity

3. Adjective of number

4. Demonstrative adjective

5. Proper adjective

6. Exclamatory adjective

7. Emphasizing adjective

1. Adjective of Quality: It suggests any person, place or thing’s quality.

E.g. brave, large, big etc.

2. Adjective of Quantity: It suggests the quantity of anything.

E.g: much, whole, all, enough, some, little, etc.

3. Numeral or Adjective of Number:It suggests the number of any person or

thing.

E.g: seven, one, two, several, most, some, etc.

.There are three types of numeral adjective.

(A)Definite Numeral Adjective: It suggests a definite number.

E.g: one, two, three, first, second, third, etc.

(B)Indefinite Numeral Adjective: It is not relative with a definite number.

E.g: all, no, several, many, few, any etc.

©Distributive Numeral Adjective:It suggest different- different to the person or         thing.    

E.g: each, either, neither, every, etc.

4.Demonstrative Adjective: it suggests any one person or things.

E.g: this, that, there, those, some, another etc.

5.Interrogative Adjective:This word just comes before noun and as the question about that noun.

      E.g:1. What book are you reading?

            2. Whose pen is it?

            3. Which place will you go?

6. Proper Adjective:An adjective which is make with proper noun is called the proper adjective.

E.g: Bengal tiger, Cuban cigars, American people, chinse noodles, Italian pizza, Indian tea etc.

7. Exclamatory Adjective: it suggest surprised.

e.g: a) what a weather.

         b) What an idea.

8. Emphasizing Adjective: When ‘own’ and ‘very’ are used with dint called emphasizing adjective.

E.g:(a) These very mistakes, I had asked you to avoid, my own friends can’t not. Betray me

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TO BE CONTINUED . . ..

Noun: Number

NOUN:NUMBER

Definition: A number is the word which suggests number of anything, person or place.

Types

There are two types of number:

1.      Singular number

2.      Plural number

1.      Singular number: it suggests one person, one place or one thing.

Eg.:boy, king, pen, book, garden, valley etc.

2.      Plural number: it suggests more than one person, place or thing.

Eg:boys, kings, pens, books, gardens, valleys etc.

èChange Singular Number to Plural Number:

1.       Merge ‘s’ in the end of the word :

Boy                        -               Boys

Friend                     -               Friends

Author                   -               Authors

Horse                     -               Horses

2.       If in the end of noun these words are given-‘s’ , ‘sh’ , ‘ch’ , ‘x’  then use ‘es’ for making plural in the end of these word:

Dress                      -               dresses

Batch                     -               batches

Catch                     -               catches

Wrench(aithan)    -               wrenches

Tax                         -               taxes

Punch                     -               punches

Bush                       -               bushes

3.       If in the end of noun letter ‘o’ is given then use ‘es’ for plural:

Mango                   -               mangoes

Volcano                 -               volcanoes

Tomato                 -               tomatoes

Echo                       -               echoes

4.       Some noun also ending with ‘o’ then use ‘s’ for plural:           

Photo                     -               photos

Dynamo                                -               dynamos

5.       If in the end of noun letter ‘y’ is given and before letter ‘y’ consonant letter is given then use ‘ies’ in the place of ‘y’----:

Lady                      -               ladies

Fairy                       -               fairies

Berry                      -               berries

Country                 -               countries

6.       If in the end of noun letter ‘f’ or ‘fe’ is given then use ‘ves’ in the place of ‘f’ or ‘fe’-----:

Loaf                       -               loaves

Calf                        -               calves

Life                         -               lives

Knife                      -               knives

Leaf                       -               leaves

7.       Some nouns are ended with ‘f’ or ‘fe’ then use ---‘s’ for plural---:

Reef                       -               reefs

Safe                        -               safes

Gulf(khadi)           -               gulfs

Cliff(straight rock)-             cliffs

Belief                     -               beliefs

8.       To change center vowel---:

Man                       -               men

Tooth                     -               teeth

Foot                        -               feet

Mouse                    -               mice

9.       Use ‘en’---------:

Ox                           -               oxen

Child                      -               children

10.    No change (same in singular & plural)---:

*Sheep                   -               sheep

Series                      -               series

Swine                     -               swine

Species                   -               species

Deer                        -               deer

11.    Use always in plural not in singular sense---:

Scissors, Tongs, Binoculars, Jeans, Sockes,

Trousers, Etc.

12.    Use in singular----:

Physics,Maths, News, Billiards, Tuberculosis, Economics etc.

Note:1) Abstract noun is not used in plural----:

Poverty, Goodness, Bravery, etc.

Note:2) proper noun is also not used for plural---:

Ram , Kanpur, Ramayana etc.

Execise

èchange into plural forms:

1.      Wood               -

2.      Water               -

3.      Asset                -

4.      Sand                -

5.      Iron                 -

6.      Cloth                -

7.      Abuse               -

8.      Work                -

9.      Air                   -

10.  Advice              -

11.  Custom                        -

12.  Effect               -

13.  Colour             -

14.  Fruit                -

15.  Wit                   -

16.  Arm                  -

17.  Good               -

18.  Boy                  -

19.  Day                  -

20.  Daughter-in-law-

21.  Class                -

22.  Army                -

23.  Story                -

24.  Monkey                        -

25.  Baby                -

26.  Lady                -

27.  Thief                -

28.  Chief                -

29.  Calf                  -

30.  Leaf                 -

31.  Knife                -

32.  Roof                 -

33.  Proof               -

34.  Woman                        -

35.  Child                -

36.  Step-mother     -

37.  Bench              -

38.  Stomach           -

39.   Pain                -

40.  Poem               -

fill in the blanks with appropriate forms of the following words:

Child,mango, woman, tooth,rupee,man,sheep,story,friend,thank

1.      He has a five………….note.

2.      Her…………..are dirty.

3.      Some………….are singing a song.

4.      I want to purchase some ……….

5.      The old …………are in the temple.

6.      ………………..are playing in the field.

7.      They are my …………………..

8.      The ……..are grazing in the field.

9.      My mother told me some fine…………..

10.  Ramesh offers her his heartly …………….

correct the following sentences:

1.      He bought five dozens apples.

2.      India won the match by an inning.

3.      Every means have been tried.

4.      This poultry belongs to my brother.

5.      Some cattle is grazing in the field.

6.      The English are hard working peoples.

7.      He distributed his wealth among his son-in-laws.

8.      I would like to have fishes and chips in lunch.

9.      It is hard to take pain for others.

10.  My mother sends you respect.

11.  Bread and milk are my favourite food.

12.  Every boy and every girl were willing to go there.

13.  I have written many poetries.

14.  I have no breads to eat.

15.  Where is my scissor?

Instructor

Atul Srivastava

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"In the middle of difficulty, lies opportunity." - Albert Einstein