ENGLISH-1ST PAPER- PROSE(XI) CHAPTER-5 & 6

 Lesson- 5

                                                  The Variety And Unity Of India

                                      (From The Discovery Of India)                  - Jawahar Lal Nehru.

Short answer types questions:

Q .1) What things make the diversity of India obevious ?

Ans.) The diversity of India is made clear by physical appearance, mental habits and religious faiths of people.

Q .2) What things does the author mention as the example of India’s tremendous unity?

Ans.) The writer mentioned  the Pathan’s living in the North-West frontier area and the Tamil in far south as the example of India’s tremendous unity. Though the people differ in face, figure and language.

Q.3) How do we see the impress of India on the people  belonging to different part of the country?

Ans.) The people of India living in its different parts of are looked different in face, figure, race, customs, religions and languages. They have an impression of their common heritage. They  love old culture and have  same philosophy for life and its problem.

Q.4) What things does the writer recall to memory when he thinks of India?

Ans.) The writer recall to memory the green fields, cities, towns, the snow-capped Himalayas and beautiful valley of Kashmir, full of flowers in the spring.

Q.5) What is the writer’s personal vision of India? OR

         What are the natural features of the country that appear to him ?

Ans.) P.T. Nehru says that India is a land of variety. The people are different out worldly in dress, language, food and clothing but there is something very important which made them true Indians. He likes the natural beauty of Kashmir very much. So he visited beautiful valley, snow capped mountains, green fields, springs and sweet flowers in the garden.

Q.6) Why was Taxila famous ?

Ans.) Taxila was famous for its great university. It was at the height of its fame two thousands year ago.It attracted student from all over India as well as from different part of Asia.

Long answer types question:

Q.1) Describe How there is unity in diversity of India .OR

     What according to Nehru, Proves the tremendous unity of India behind its apparent diversity.? OR

       What quality makes the Indian culture living and dynamic?

Ans.) In the lesson “ The variety and unity of India ”  The writer tells us that India is a very large country and full of variety. Indians have different personal looks, language, customs but In spite of these differences they are Indians, They have a common link of culture among themselves so there is unity in this variety.

               The people in north zones outwardly look full of variety. But they are united and respect each other’s cultures. The variety of Indian is an out ward quality of every Indians. There runs a thread of unity through these differences.

                In  spite of variations the complete land is India. The people have same national heritage and the same set of moral and mental qualities. They have also the same way of living and a philosophical attitude to life and its problems.

              There is a deep rooted cultural unity in this variety. All the differences fade out at the national level and unity becomes strong. The foreign influences also came and got absorbed in to the cultural unity of India.

Thus India has mentioned her unity for a long time. The people of all the castes, religions and progress of the country. In this way we can say that the variety and unity of India is very powerful and wonderful.

Explanation

1. Some kind of a………………………………………………………………………and even encouraged.

Reference: These lines have been taken from the lesson ‘The variety and unity of India’ written by P. T. Jawaharlal Nehru.

Context: The writer says that India is a country of great variety. It looks in physical appearance, food ,clothing , social customs, religion and language. But in spite of variety it has unity.

Explanation: In these lines the writer explains how Indian culture became richer by the impact of other cultures. he says that the idea of unity has been very old in the minds of Indian people. This idea was not forcibly imposed upon Indians. It was also not based on certain set rules of religion. But it was based on a broad outlook. Indians culture learnt a lot from other and it also taught a lot to the others. Thus it was very flexible and went on going richer and richer.

2.Today, when the………………………………………………………………………….internal differences.

Reference – context – previous.

 Explanation: In these lines the writer says that the feelings of nationalism are deeply rooted in the heart of all Indians. There are so many Indians who are living in foreign countries. They may have their own internal differences based on caste, creed or coloure. Yet inspite of  these differences they from a national group there, i.e, a group of Indians and they have  the feelings of Indianism in them. Thus this feeling of nationalism binds them together.

        Comprehension

1. The diversity of ………………………………………………………………………side of the Himalayas.

Q.1 What things make the diversity of India obvious?

Ans. Physical appearance, traits and mental habits of the people of India make the diversity of India obvious.

Q2. What are the two examples of Indian’s unity?

Ans. The Pathan of the north-west and the tamil in the south are two examples of Indian’s unity.

Q.3 In what respect do the pathan and the tamil differ ?

Ans. The Pathan and the Tamil differ in face and figure, food and clothing and language.

Q.4 What reminds us of the countries on the other side of the Himalayas?

Ans. Many a custom in the north- west frontier province as in Kashmir reminds us of the countries on the other side of the Himalayas.

2. Today, when the conception………………………………………………………………dominant religion.

Q.1 What do you mean by the conception of nationalism?

Ans. Conception of nationalism means that the people of one country are united inspite of their internal differences.

Q,2 How do Indians live in foreign countries?

Ans. Indians from a group when they live in foreign centuries .

Q.3 Does an Indians Christian in England become an Englishman ?

Ans. No, an Indian Christian in England does not became an Englishman.

Q.4 Where is Islam the dominant religion ?

Ans. Islam is the dominant religion in turkey, Arabia, Iran, etc.

Fill the blanks

1. some kind of a dream of unity has occupied the mind of India since the dawn of civilization.

2.  An India Christian is looked upon as  an Indian whoever he may go.

3. All of us, I suppose, have varying pictures of our native land and no two persons will think exactly a like.

4. The Pathans and the tamils are two extreme example, the other life somewhere in between.

5. That unity was not conceived as something imposed from outside, a standardization of externals or even of befits.

6.  The diversity of India is tremendous, it is  obivious, it lies on the surface and anybody can see it.s    
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                         Lesson- 6

                                                    A Dialogue on civilization                             -C.E.M. Joad
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                   “Thinking New thought is a sign of being civilization.”

                      “Having good new feelings is a sign of being civilization”

Short answer types questions:

Q.1)Who was a great man and what did he write?

Ans.) Shakespeare was a great man and he wrote plays.

Q.2) Who make a great fuss about the plays?

Ans.)The grown up people make a great fuss about the plays.

Q.3) What are other things of plays which are also important?

Ans.) Pictures and music’s are other things of plays which are also important.

Q.4) Are the plays, music’s and pictures a sign of civilization?

Ans.) Yes, The plays, music and pictures are a sign of civilization.

Q.5) Name all the activities and things which according to Lucy make one civilized?

Ans.) Lucy says that wearing proper clothe, riding about in buses and cars, having money to buy things from Shopes make one civilized.

Q.6) Why should one treat Shakespeare, Rapheal and Beethoven, important?

Ans.) Everyone treats these people as important one because their work was great and famous in the world. Their plays, pictures and music were very popular among the people.

Q.7) Why does Joad think that caliphs and princess in the Arabian Night were not civilized?

Ans.) The writer thinks that caliphs and princess in the Arabian Night were not civilized because they lived in luxury and spent money only on food and clothe. They did not think about new thoughts.

Q.8)  What, According to Jaod, are beautiful things?

Ans.) According to the writer beautiful things live forever in the world. Everyone likes and loves them.

Q.9) Why do people hesitate to think and act differently from other?

Ans.) Many people hesitate to think differently from others because they think that God will become angry with them, and they are also afraid of being punished by the priests. Sometimes it is also the danger of safety and security of life.

Q.10) What are the necessary condition for someone to be able think freely.?  

Ans.) A person who thinks freely, he should be given security, leisure and good atmosphere. He should not pay his full attention towards his daily living.

Long answer types question:

 Q.1) What according to C.E.M. Joad are the requirement of true civilization?

Ans.) In the lesson ‘A Dialogue On Civilization’ Lycy, a little girl, thinks that the people who wear good clothes and use buses and cars are civilized. In her opinion money also makes people also makes people civilized. As one can buys all the thinks of choice. She also says that by using machines, radio sets, telephones and going to cinema make people civilized. But the writer does not agree with this fact. He says that money, power and living in luxury do not make civilization.

               “According to writer thinking new thought is a sign of being civilized.”

People should think new thinks with all freedom of thinking. He wants that a free thinker must be given security against danger. He should also be given free time to help his thinking in a good atmosphere.

                  He thinks that a peaceful and good atmosphere is very important for true civilization. At last he says that the real meaning of civilization is making things , to obey rules and be good and do good for other in the society.

The writer says that the essential features of civilization are the development of art, science, philosophy and political justice.

                                                                   Explanation

1. Now, to think freely………………………………………………………………………be no civilized.   

Reference: These  lines have been taken from the lesson “A Dialogue on civilization” written by C.E.M Joad.

Context:  Here the writer explains the meaning of civilization through a dialogue between  himself and a little girl Lucy.

Explanation : In this lines the writer explains that thinking new means that thinking different. But the advice of the priests and the fear of anger of gods prevent a man to think freely. So for many ages the people followed the priests blindly and did nothing different to their thinking. Hence, there had been no civilization. This type of philosophy checked the ways of progress and we could not be civilized.

2.But it is certainly………………………………………………………………………..other things as well.

Reference: These lines have been taken from the lesson ‘A dialogue on civilization’ written by C.E.M. Joad.

Context: previous.

Explanation: In these lines the author makes it clear that civilization is a very wide term. Only to have the rules and

to follow them does not make a man civilized. Civilization means to be good. If we want to be good and civilized, we should behave our neighbors in a good manner, we should respect his property and we should follow the rules sincerely. So all these things makes us civilized.

Comprehension.

1. well, than, let us…………………………………………………………they were not civilized.

Q.1 What is the character of things, obtained by money and power, according to the author?

Ans. The things obtained by money and power do not mean that we are civilized.

Q.2 Can we became civilized by using money and power ? If  not,why?

Ans. We can’t become civilized by merely using money power, because money and power only give us a luxurious and living.

Q.3 Why do you think leading a rich life and living will make us civilized?

Ans. Since most of the people lead a rich life using money and power, we think that such a living makes us civilized.

Q.4 How do you know that civilization has been eluding us for long? Give  reasons for your answer.

Ans. Civilization has been eluding us for long is obvious from the fact that most of us have been running after money and power, neglecting the means we adopt for it. We have also been neglecting human valves foe money and power.                                                               

Fill in blanks

1 .Grownups calls the first of these things art, the second science and philosophy and the third political justice and ethics.

2. Because Shakespeare was a great man and wrote plays that people are proud of.

3. Nobody can thinking about things if he is afraid of being robbed or murdered at any moment.

4.Shakespeare of ten introduces supernatural elements in his plays.