CHAPTER-5 Indigo Class 12 Question Answer | English Notes By Atul Sir। UP Board & CBSE।

FLAMINGO (PROSE) CHAPTER-5

Indigo Class 12 Question Answer | English Notes By Atul Sir। UP Board & CBSE

Indigo - Pure Hindi Summary For Up Board

यह कहानी चंपारण, बिहार के किसानों की है और महात्मा गांधी के पहले सत्याग्रह की है जो 1917 में हुआ था।

लेखक लुई फिशर ने लिखा है कि कैसे गांधीजी चंपारण गए। 1916 में कांग्रेस के अधिवेशन में गांधीजी लखनऊ गए थे। वहाँ एक गरीब किसान राजकुमार शुक्ल उन्हें मिला। राजकुमार शुक्ल चंपारण का किसान था। उसने गांधीजी से कहा कि आप हमारे यहाँ चंपारण आइये और हमारे दुख देखिये। गांधीजी ने कहा कि वे जरूर आयेंगे।

राजकुमार शुक्ल गांधीजी के पीछे लग गया। वह गांधीजी को अपने साथ चंपारण ले जाना चाहता था। वह आश्रम गया, कलकत्ता गया। आखिर गांधीजी मान गए और 1917 में वे पटना गए और फिर मुजफ्फरपुर और फिर चंपारण पहुंचे।

चंपारण में अंग्रेज जमींदार किसानों पर बहुत अत्याचार करते थे। किसानों को अपनी जमीन के 3/20 हिस्से पर नील (Indigo) की खेती करना जरूरी था। इसे 'तीनकठिया प्रणाली' कहते थे। अंग्रेज नील से रंग बनाते थे और उसे महंगे दाम पर बेचते थे। बाद में जर्मनी में नकली नील बनने लगा तो अंग्रेजों को नील की जरूरत नहीं रही। उन्होंने किसानों से कहा कि अगर नील नहीं उगाना तो पैसा दो। किसानों ने पैसा दिया पर बाद में उन्हें पता चला कि उनसे धोखा हुआ है।

गांधीजी जब चंपारण पहुंचे तो अंग्रेज अधिकारी ने उन्हें चंपारण छोड़ने का आदेश दिया। गांधीजी ने मना कर दिया। उन पर मुकदमा चला। हजारों किसान गांधीजी को देखने आए। अंग्रेज सरकार डर गई और मुकदमा वापस ले लिया। यह भारत में सविनय अवज्ञा (Civil Disobedience) की पहली जीत थी।

फिर गांधीजी ने किसानों की समस्या की जांच शुरू की। उन्होंने 10,000 किसानों के बयान लिए। सरकारी जांच कमेटी बनी जिसमें गांधीजी को भी सदस्य बनाया गया। आखिर में फैसला हुआ कि किसानों को उनका पैसा वापस मिलेगा। अंग्रेजों ने 25% पैसा वापस दिया। गांधीजी ने 25% ही स्वीकार कर लिया क्योंकि वे पैसे से ज्यादा इज्जत और किसानों का डर खत्म करना चाहते थे।

गांधीजी ने चंपारण में 6 महीने बिताए। उन्होंने वहाँ स्कूल खोले, सफाई सिखाई, औरतों को समझाया। वे कहते थे कि आत्मनिर्भरता जरूरी है।

चंपारण की जीत ने दिखा दिया कि गरीब किसानों की ताकत क्या होती है जब उनके साथ गांधी जैसा नेता हो। यह गांधीजी के भारत में बड़े आंदोलनों की शुरुआत थी।

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Indigo - Proper Summary in English Language)

SUMMARY IN ENGLISH (For CBSE Board)

This story is about the Champaran peasants and Gandhi's first Satyagraha in India in 1917.

The author Louis Fischer tells how Gandhi went to Champaran. In 1916, Gandhiji went to Lucknow for Congress session. There a poor peasant Rajkumar Shukla from Champaran met him. Shukla requested Gandhiji to come to Champaran and see their miseries. Gandhiji said he would come.

Rajkumar Shukla followed Gandhiji everywhere - to Ashram, to Calcutta. At last Gandhiji agreed and in 1917 he went to Patna, then Muzaffarpur and then Champaran.

In Champaran, English landlords were very cruel to peasants. Peasants had to grow Indigo on 3/20 part of their land. This system was called 'Tinkathia system'. English used Indigo to make dyes and sold at high price. Later synthetic Indigo was made in Germany, so English did not need natural Indigo. They told peasants to pay money if they did not want to grow Indigo. Peasants paid money but later they knew they were cheated.

When Gandhiji reached Champaran, the British officer ordered him to leave Champaran. Gandhiji refused. A case was filed against him. Thousands of peasants came to see Gandhiji. The British Government was afraid and withdrew the case. This was the first victory of Civil Disobedience in India.

Then Gandhiji started inquiry into peasants' problems. He recorded statements of 10,000 peasants. An official inquiry commission was set up in which Gandhiji was also a member. At last it was decided that peasants would get their money back. English landlords agreed to refund 25% money. Gandhiji accepted 25% because he wanted more than money - he wanted to remove fear of peasants and give them honour.

Gandhiji spent 6 months in Champaran. He opened schools, taught cleanliness, taught women. He said self-reliance is necessary.

The victory of Champaran showed the power of poor peasants when they have a leader like Gandhi. It was the beginning of Gandhi's big movements in India.

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CHARACTER SKETCH OF MAHATMA GANDHI - IN PURE ENGLISH for CBSE

Mahatma Gandhi is the central character of the story Indigo. He is shown as a great leader, kind, simple and determined.

He is very humble and cares for poor peasants. When Rajkumar Shukla, a poor peasant, requests him to come to Champaran, Gandhi does not refuse. He goes to Champaran and fights for peasants' rights.

He is very courageous and fearless. When British officer orders him to leave Champaran, he disobeys and faces trial. He is not afraid of jail. His courage inspires thousands of peasants.

He is very intelligent and practical. He does not want only money, he wants to remove fear from peasants' hearts. He accepts 25% refund because he wants moral victory, not money. He is self-reliant and wants peasants to be self-reliant. He opens schools, teaches cleanliness.

He is an ideal leader who loves truth and non-violence. Champaran was his first Satyagraha in India and it made him a national hero.

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महात्मा गांधी का चरित्र चित्रण - शुद्ध हिंदी में UP Board

महात्मा गांधी इस कहानी के मुख्य पात्र हैं। उन्हें एक महान नेता, दयालु, सादा और दृढ़ निश्चयी व्यक्ति के रूप में दिखाया गया है।

वे बहुत विनम्र हैं और गरीब किसानों की परवाह करते हैं। जब एक गरीब किसान राजकुमार शुक्ल उनसे चंपारण आने की प्रार्थना करता है तो गांधीजी मना नहीं करते। वे चंपारण जाते हैं और किसानों के हक के लिए लड़ते हैं।

वे बहुत साहसी और निडर हैं। जब अंग्रेज अधिकारी उन्हें चंपारण छोड़ने का आदेश देता है तो वे अवज्ञा करते हैं और मुकदमे का सामना करते हैं। वे जेल से नहीं डरते। उनकी हिम्मत से हजारों किसान प्रेरित होते हैं।

वे बहुत बुद्धिमान और व्यावहारिक हैं। वे सिर्फ पैसा नहीं चाहते, वे किसानों के दिल से डर निकालना चाहते हैं। वे 25% पैसा वापस लेना स्वीकार कर लेते हैं क्योंकि वे नैतिक जीत चाहते हैं, पैसा नहीं। वे आत्मनिर्भर हैं और चाहते हैं कि किसान भी आत्मनिर्भर बनें। वे स्कूल खोलते हैं, सफाई सिखाते हैं।

वे एक आदर्श नेता हैं जो सत्य और अहिंसा से प्यार करते हैं। चंपारण भारत में उनका पहला सत्याग्रह था और इसने उन्हें राष्ट्रीय नायक बना दिया।

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CHARACTER SKETCH OF RAJKUMAR SHUKLA - IN PURE ENGLISH for CBSE

Rajkumar Shukla is a poor, illiterate but determined peasant from Champaran. He is the man who brought Gandhiji to Champaran.

He is poor and in miserable condition but he has strong will power. When he meets Gandhiji in Lucknow in 1916, he requests him to come to Champaran. He does not leave Gandhiji until Gandhiji agrees.

He follows Gandhiji to his Ashram in Ahmedabad, to Calcutta and everywhere. He is very persistent and determined. He does not give up. At last Gandhiji has to go with him to Champaran.

He is innocent, simple and honest. He represents poor peasants of Champaran who were exploited by English landlords. He is the real hero who started Champaran movement. Without him, Gandhi might not have gone to Champaran.

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राजकुमार शुक्ल का चरित्र चित्रण - शुद्ध हिंदी में UP Board

राजकुमार शुक्ल चंपारण का एक गरीब, अनपढ़ पर दृढ़ निश्चयी किसान है। वह वह व्यक्ति है जो गांधीजी को चंपारण लेकर आया।

वह गरीब और दयनीय स्थिति में है पर उसमें मजबूत इच्छा शक्ति है। जब वह 1916 में लखनऊ में गांधीजी से मिलता है तो वह उनसे चंपारण आने की प्रार्थना करता है। वह गांधीजी का पीछा तब तक नहीं छोड़ता जब तक गांधीजी मान नहीं जाते।

वह गांधीजी के आश्रम अहमदाबाद, कलकत्ता हर जगह जाता है। वह बहुत दृढ़ और लगातार कोशिश करने वाला है। वह हार नहीं मानता। आखिर में गांधीजी को उसके साथ चंपारण जाना पड़ता है।

वह मासूम, सादा और ईमानदार है। वह चंपारण के उन गरीब किसानों का प्रतीक है जिनका अंग्रेज जमींदार शोषण करते थे। वह असली नायक है जिसने चंपारण आंदोलन शुरू कराया। उसके बिना गांधीजी शायद चंपारण नहीं जाते।

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INDIGO - WORD MEANINGS (Full Chapter)

English Word Hindi Meaning English Meaning

Indigo नील (एक पौधा जिससे रंग बनता है) A plant for blue dye

Champaran चंपारण (बिहार का जिला) District in Bihar

Peasant किसान Farmer

British अंग्रेज English people

Landlord जमींदार Land owner

Sharecropper बटाईदार Farmer who works on other's land

Tinkathia तीनकठिया प्रणाली (3/20 जमीन पर नील) System of growing indigo

Agreement समझौता Contract

Synthetic नकली, बनावटी Artificial

Dye रंग Colour

Exploitation शोषण Misuse

Torture अत्याचार Cruelty

Complaint शिकायत Complaint

Congress कांग्रेस (पार्टी) Congress party

Session अधिवेशन Meeting

Illiterate अनपढ़ Who cannot read/write

Determined दृढ़ निश्चयी Firm

Persistent लगातार कोशिश करने वाला Who never gives up

Ashram आश्रम Place where Gandhi lived

Muzaffarpur मुजफ्फरपुर (बिहार का शहर) City in Bihar

Patna पटना (बिहार की राजधानी) Capital of Bihar

Ordered आदेश दिया Commanded

Trial मुकदमा Case in court

Disobedience अवज्ञा Not obeying

Civil Disobedience सविनय अवज्ञा Peaceful non-obedience

Inquiry जांच Investigation

Commission आयोग Committee

Refund वापस करना To return money

Self-reliance आत्मनिर्भरता Depending on self

Cleanliness सफाई Clean state

Victory जीत Win

INDIGO - COMPLETE WORD MEANING LIST (50+ Words)

_Part A - Starting ke Difficult Words_

1.  Indigo - नील - Blue dye plant

2.  Champaran - चंपारण जिला - District in Bihar

3.  Peasant - किसान - Farmer

4.  Sharecropper - बटाई पर खेती करने वाला - Farmer on other's land

5.  British landlord - अंग्रेज जमींदार - English land owner

6.  Tinkathia - तीनकठिया (3/20) - System of indigo cultivation

7.  Agreement - समझौता - Contract

8.  Plantation - बागान - Farm of indigo

9.  Synthetic indigo - नकली नील - Artificial indigo made in Germany

10. Exploitation - शोषण - Torture

11. Oppressed - सताया हुआ - Tortured

12. Resilient - मजबूत, सहनशील - Strong

_Part B - Gandhi ke Words_

13. Congress session - कांग्रेस अधिवेशन - Congress meeting

14. Lucknow - लखनऊ - City in UP

15. Rajkumar Shukla - राजकुमार शुक्ल - Poor peasant

16. Illiterate - अनपढ़ - Cannot read/write

17. Persistent - लगातार पीछे लगा रहने वाला - Determined

18. Ashram - आश्रम - Gandhi's residence

19. Muzaffarpur - मुजफ्फरपुर - City in Bihar

20. Professor J.B. Kripalani - प्रोफेसर कृपलानी - Professor who helped Gandhi

21. Patna - पटना - Capital of Bihar

22. Determined - दृढ़ निश्चय वाला - Firm decision

23. Humble - विनम्र - Simple

_Part C - Champaran Action ke Words_

24. Ordered to leave - छोड़ने का आदेश - Commanded to go

25. Disobey - अवज्ञा करना - Not obey

26. Trial - मुकदमा - Court case

27. Summons - बुलावा, समन - Court notice

28. Bail - जमानत - Security for release

29. Civil Disobedience - सविनय अवज्ञा आंदोलन - Non-violent disobedience

30. Peasants crowd - किसानों की भीड़ - Crowd of farmers

31. Inquiry - जांच-पड़ताल - Investigation

32. Evidence - सबूत - Proof

33. Statement - बयान - Words recorded

34. Official commission - सरकारी आयोग - Government committee

35. Lieutenant Governor - लेफ्टिनेंट गवर्नर - Head of province

36. Refund - पैसा वापस करना - Return money

37. 25% refund - 25% पैसा वापस - One-fourth money returned

38. Moral victory - नैतिक जीत - Victory of honour

_Part D - Social Work ke Words_

39. Self-reliance - आत्मनिर्भरता - Depending on self

40. Cleanliness - स्वच्छता - Being clean

41. Sanitation - सफाई व्यवस्था - Cleanliness system

42. School - स्कूल - Place of education

43. Health - स्वास्थ्य - Good body

44. Volunteer - स्वयंसेवक - Helper

45. Kasturbai - कस्तूरबा गांधी - Gandhi's wife

46. Devdas - देवदास - Gandhi's son

_Extra Board Exam Words_

47. Tenant - किरायेदार किसान - Farmer living on other's land

48. Agreement - अनुबंध - Contract

49. Illegal - गैरकानूनी - Against law

50. Untouchability - छुआछूत - Not touching lower caste

51. Empowerment - सशक्तिकरण - Making powerful

52. Leadership - नेतृत्व - Quality of leader

53. Satyagraha - सत्याग्रह - Truth force

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INDIGO - IMPORTANT SHORT QUESTION ANSWERS

_Q1. Who was Rajkumar Shukla and why did he meet Gandhiji?_

_Ans:_ Rajkumar Shukla was a poor, illiterate peasant from Champaran. He met Gandhiji in Lucknow in 1916 at Congress session and requested him to come to Champaran to see peasants' miseries.

_Q2. What is Tinkathia system?_

_Ans:_ Tinkathia system was an agreement in Champaran where peasants had to grow Indigo on 3/20 part (15%) of their land for British landlords.

_Q3. Why did British landlords not need Indigo later?_

_Ans:_ Later synthetic Indigo was made in Germany, so natural Indigo was not needed. So British told peasants to pay compensation if they did not want to grow Indigo.

_Q4. What happened when Gandhiji went to Champaran?_

_Ans:_ When Gandhiji went to Champaran, British officer ordered him to leave Champaran. Gandhiji disobeyed. A case was filed against him. Thousands of peasants gathered. British withdrew the case. It was first victory of Civil Disobedience.

_Q5. What was the inquiry commission?_

_Ans:_ An official inquiry commission was formed to investigate peasants' problems. Gandhiji was made a member. It recorded statements of 10,000 peasants and decided to refund money.

_Q6. How much refund did peasants get?_

_Ans:_ British landlords agreed to refund 25% of money to peasants. Gandhiji accepted it because he wanted moral victory and to remove fear, not just money.

_Q7. Why did Gandhi accept only 25% refund?_

_Ans:_ Gandhi accepted 25% because money was less important than honour and fearlessness. He wanted to make peasants free from fear and show that British could be challenged.

_Q8. What social work did Gandhi do in Champaran?_

_Ans:_ Gandhi stayed 6 months in Champaran. He opened primary schools, taught cleanliness, sanitation, health and self-reliance. Kasturbai taught women. He wanted to make villagers self-reliant.

_Q9. What was the importance of Champaran movement?_

_Ans:_ Champaran was Gandhi's first Satyagraha in India in 1917. It showed that poor peasants could be united and British could be defeated with truth and non-violence. It made Gandhi a national leader.

_Q10. What does Indigo symbolize?_

_Ans:_ Indigo symbolizes exploitation of peasants by British landlords and also the beginning of Gandhi's fight against British rule with Satyagraha.

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INDIGO - LONG QUESTION ANSWER (5-6 Marks)

_Q1. Why did Rajkumar Shukla invite Gandhiji to Champaran? How did Gandhiji reach Champaran?_

_Ans:_ Rajkumar Shukla was a poor peasant from Champaran. He was illiterate but determined. In 1916, he met Gandhiji at Lucknow Congress session and requested him to come to Champaran to see peasants' miseries due to Indigo cultivation.

Gandhiji was busy. But Shukla followed him everywhere - to Ashram in Ahmedabad, to Calcutta. He was very persistent. At last Gandhiji agreed in 1917. He went to Patna, then Muzaffarpur where Prof. J.B. Kripalani helped him. Then he reached Champaran. There British officer ordered him to leave, but Gandhiji disobeyed and faced trial. Thousands of peasants came to support him. British withdrew case. Thus Shukla brought Gandhiji to Champaran and started Champaran movement.

_Q2. Describe the exploitation of peasants in Champaran and how Gandhi helped them._

_Ans:_ In Champaran, peasants were sharecroppers. They had to grow Indigo on 3/20 part of their land under Tinkathia system. British landlords forced them and tortured them. Later when synthetic Indigo came from Germany, British did not need natural Indigo. They cheated peasants and took money as compensation for not growing Indigo.

When Gandhiji reached Champaran, he started inquiry. He recorded statements of 10,000 peasants. An official commission was formed with Gandhiji as member. It decided that 25% money would be refunded to peasants. Gandhiji accepted it for moral victory. He also removed fear from peasants' hearts. He taught them self-reliance, opened schools, taught cleanliness. Champaran became first Satyagraha victory and made peasants fearless.

_Q3. What is the theme or central idea of Indigo?_

_Ans:_ The main theme of Indigo is the exploitation of poor peasants by British landlords and Gandhi's fight for their rights with Satyagraha.

The story shows how British landlords exploited Champaran peasants through Tinkathia system. They forced them to grow Indigo and cheated them. Gandhi came and fought with truth and non-violence. He disobeyed British order, faced trial and won.

The story also shows Gandhi's leadership - he was humble, fearless, practical and self-reliant. He wanted not only money but moral victory and removal of fear. He also did social work - schools, cleanliness, women education.

Champaran movement was important because it was Gandhi's first successful Satyagraha in India and it paved way for bigger movements like Non-Cooperation and Quit India. It shows power of truth and unity.

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INDIGO - IMPORTANT MCQs

_Q1. Who is the author of Indigo?_

a) Louis Fischer

b) William Douglas

c) Selma Lagerlof

d) Anees Jung

_Ans: a) Louis Fischer_

_Q2. Where is Champaran situated?_

a) Bihar

b) UP

c) Bengal

d) Gujarat

_Ans: a) Bihar_

_Q3. Who was Rajkumar Shukla?_

a) A poor peasant from Champaran

b) A lawyer

c) A landlord

d) A teacher

_Ans: a) A poor peasant from Champaran_

_Q4. When did Gandhi go to Lucknow Congress session?_

a) 1916

b) 1917

c) 1918

d) 1920

_Ans: a) 1916_

_Q5. What is Tinkathia system?_

a) Growing Indigo on 3/20 land

b) Growing wheat

c) Paying tax

d) Growing cotton

_Ans: a) Growing Indigo on 3/20 land_

_Q6. What is Indigo?_

a) A plant to make blue dye

b) A food

c) A machine

d) A cloth

_Ans: a) A plant to make blue dye_

_Q7. How much refund did peasants get?_

a) 25%

b) 50%

c) 100%

d) 10%

_Ans: a) 25%_

_Q8. What was the first victory of Civil Disobedience in India?_

a) Champaran

b) Dandi March

c) Quit India

d) Non-Cooperation

_Ans: a) Champaran_

_Q9. Who helped Gandhi in Muzaffarpur?_

a) Prof. J.B. Kripalani

b) Rajkumar Shukla

c) Kasturbai

d) Devdas

_Ans: a) Prof. J.B. Kripalani_

_Q10. What is the moral of Indigo?_

a) Truth and non-violence can defeat exploitation

b) Grow Indigo

c) Be British

d) Cheat peasants

_Ans: a) Truth and non-violence can defeat exploitation_

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CONCLUSION

The story "Indigo" teaches us a great lesson of exploitation of poor peasants and Gandhi's Satyagraha. It shows that British landlords exploited Champaran peasants but Gandhi with truth, non-violence and courage freed them. Champaran movement was Gandhi's first victory in India and it taught peasants to be fearless and self-reliant. The story inspires us to fight injustice with truth and non-violence.

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Thank You ! 

All the Best! 

😊✌