VISTAS CHAPTER-6
Memories of Childhood Class 12 Question Answer | English Notes By Atul Sir। UP Board & CBSE
Memories of Childhood - Pure Hindi Summary For Up Board
इस चैप्टर में दो कहानियाँ हैं।
*Part-1: The Cutting of My Long Hair - Zitkala-Sa (जिटकाला-सा)*
जिटकाला-सा एक मूल अमेरिकी (Native American) लड़की है। वह अपनी माँ के साथ रहती थी। उसके लंबे, घने बाल उसकी संस्कृति की पहचान थे।
एक दिन ईसाई मिशनरी वाले उसे कार्लिसल इंडियन स्कूल में ले गए। वहाँ का पहला दिन बहुत ठंडा था। वहाँ सब नियम बहुत सख्त थे। बच्चों को अंग्रेजी में बात करने को कहा जाता था, उनके कपड़े काटे जाते थे।
जिटकाला-सा ने सुना कि स्कूल में उसकी दोस्त की तरह उसके भी लंबे बाल काटे जायेंगे। उसकी संस्कृति में लंबे बाल रखना शान की बात थी और छोटे बाल सिर्फ कायरों और दुश्मनों के काटे जाते थे। इसलिए वह बहुत डर गई।
वह बाल कटवाने से बचने के लिए एक बड़े हॉल में छुप गई। पर उसे ढूंढ लिया गया और कुर्सी से बांधकर उसके लंबे बाल काट दिए गए। वह बहुत रोई और चिल्लाई, पर किसी ने नहीं सुना। उसे लगा जैसे उसकी आत्मा भी काट दी गई हो। वह बहुत अपमानित महसूस करने लगी। इस तरह उसकी संस्कृति पर हमला हुआ।
*Part-2: We Too Are Human Beings - Bama (बामा)*
बामा एक तमिल दलित लड़की है। वह तीसरी क्लास में पढ़ती थी। वह एक दिन स्कूल से घर आ रही थी। रास्ते में उसने एक बुजुर्ग आदमी को देखा जो एक छोटे से पैकेट को बहुत ही अजीब तरीके से पकड़े हुए था - बिना छुए, दो उंगलियों से, बहुत संभलकर।
बामा को यह देखकर हंसी आई। घर आकर उसने अपने बड़े भाई अन्नन से पूछा कि वह आदमी ऐसा क्यों कर रहा था।
उसके भाई ने बताया कि वह आदमी निचली जाति (अछूत) का नहीं था, पर जो पैकेट वह ले जा रहा था उसमें वड़ाई (खाना) था जो ऊंची जाति के मालिक के लिए था। वह बुजुर्ग आदमी भी निचली जाति का था, इसलिए वह खाने को छू नहीं सकता था, क्योंकि अगर वह छू लेगा तो ऊंची जाति के लोग उसे अपवित्र मान लेंगे। यह छुआछूत है।
बामा को यह सुनकर बहुत दुख और गुस्सा आया। वह समझ गई कि लोग जाति के कारण उनका अपमान करते हैं। वह पहली बार समझी कि वे दलित हैं और उन्हें इंसान भी नहीं समझा जाता।
उसके भाई ने कहा कि अगर तुझे इस अपमान से बचना है तो खूब पढ़ाई करो। पढ़ाई से ही इज्जत मिलेगी।
बामा ने अपने भाई की बात मान ली और खूब मन लगाकर पढ़ाई की। वह क्लास में हमेशा फर्स्ट आने लगी। इस तरह उसने अपने अपमान का बदला पढ़ाई से लिया। कहानी सिखाती है कि छुआछूत बुरी है और शिक्षा से ही सम्मान मिलता है।
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Memories of Childhood - Proper Summary in English Language)
SUMMARY IN ENGLISH (For CBSE Board)
This chapter has two stories.
*Part-1: The Cutting of My Long Hair - Zitkala-Sa*
Zitkala-Sa is a Native American girl. She lived with her mother. Her long, thick hair was identity of her culture.
One day Christian missionaries took her to Carlisle Indian School. First day was very cold. There all rules were very strict. Children were asked to speak in English, their clothes were cut.
Zitkala-Sa heard that like her friend, her long hair will also be cut in school. In her culture keeping long hair was matter of pride and short hair was cut only of cowards and enemies. So she became very scared.
She hid in a big hall to avoid hair cutting. But she was found and tied to chair and her long hair was cut. She cried and shouted much, but no one listened. She felt as if her spirit was also cut. She felt very humiliated. Thus her culture was attacked.
*Part-2: We Too Are Human Beings - Bama*
Bama is a Tamil Dalit girl. She was studying in third class. One day she was coming home from school. On way she saw an old man holding a small packet in very strange way - without touching, with two fingers, very carefully.
Bama laughed seeing this. Coming home she asked her elder brother Annan why that man was doing so.
Her brother told that the packet had vadai (food) for upper caste landlord. The old man was from low caste, so he could not touch food, because if he touches, upper caste people will consider it impure. This is untouchability.
Bama felt very sad and angry hearing this. She understood that people insult them due to caste. She for first time understood they are Dalits and not even considered humans.
Her brother said if you want to avoid this insult, study hard. Only education will give respect.
Bama obeyed her brother and studied hard with full heart. She started coming first in class always. Thus she took revenge of her insult through education. Story teaches untouchability is bad and only education gives respect.
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CHARACTER SKETCH OF ZITKALA-SA - IN PURE ENGLISH for CBSE
Zitkala-Sa is a Native American girl and narrator of first part.
She is very brave, sensitive and proud of her culture. She has long, thick hair which is pride and identity of her community. In her culture, short hair is for cowards and mourning, long hair is for brave.
She is bold. When she hears her long hair will be cut in Carlisle Indian School, she hides in a big hall to save her culture. She fights, cries, shouts when her hair is cut forcibly tying to chair. She feels humiliated and spiritless.
She represents Native American community whose culture was attacked by Christian missionaries and white people in name of education. Her cutting of hair symbolizes cutting of her culture and identity. She is symbol of resistance against cultural oppression.
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जिटकाला-सा का चरित्र चित्रण - शुद्ध हिंदी में UP Board
जिटकाला-सा एक मूल अमेरिकी लड़की है और पहले भाग की लेखिका है।
वह बहुत बहादुर, संवेदनशील और अपनी संस्कृति पर गर्व करने वाली है। उसके लंबे, घने बाल उसकी संस्कृति की पहचान और शान हैं। उसकी संस्कृति में छोटे बाल कायरों और शोक के लिए होते हैं, लंबे बाल बहादुरों के लिए।
वह साहसी है। जब वह सुनती है कि कार्लिसल इंडियन स्कूल में उसके लंबे बाल काटे जायेंगे तो वह अपनी संस्कृति बचाने के लिए एक बड़े हॉल में छुप जाती है। वह लड़ती है, रोती है, चिल्लाती है जब उसे कुर्सी से बांधकर जबरदस्ती बाल काटे जाते हैं। वह अपमानित और आत्माहीन महसूस करती है।
वह मूल अमेरिकी समुदाय का प्रतीक है जिसकी संस्कृति पर ईसाई मिशनरियों और गोरे लोगों ने शिक्षा के नाम पर हमला किया। उसके बाल काटना उसकी संस्कृति और पहचान काटने का प्रतीक है। वह सांस्कृतिक उत्पीड़न के खिलाफ प्रतिरोध का प्रतीक है।
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CHARACTER SKETCH OF BAMA - IN PURE ENGLISH for CBSE
Bama is a Tamil Dalit girl and narrator of second part. She is studying in third class.
She is innocent, curious and observant. When she sees old man carrying vadai packet with two fingers without touching, she laughs innocently. But when she knows reason - untouchability - she becomes sad and angry.
She is very sensitive and self-respecting. She feels insulted when she knows upper caste people consider Dalits impure and not humans. She feels humiliated first time knowing they are Dalits.
She is obedient and hardworking. When her elder brother Annan says only education can give respect and remove insult, she obeys and studies very hard. She always comes first in class.
She represents Dalit community facing caste discrimination in Tamil Nadu. Her story shows that education is weapon to fight caste oppression and get respect. She is symbol of Dalit empowerment through education.
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बामा का चरित्र चित्रण - शुद्ध हिंदी में UP Board
बामा एक तमिल दलित लड़की है और दूसरे भाग की लेखिका है। वह तीसरी क्लास में पढ़ती है।
वह मासूम, जिज्ञासु और ध्यान से देखने वाली है। जब वह बूढ़े आदमी को दो उंगलियों से बिना छुए वड़ाई का पैकेट ले जाते देखती है तो मासूमियत से हंसती है। पर जब उसे कारण पता चलता है - छुआछूत - तो वह उदास और गुस्सा हो जाती है।
वह बहुत संवेदनशील और आत्मसम्मान वाली है। जब उसे पता चलता है कि ऊंची जाति के लोग दलितों को अपवित्र और इंसान नहीं समझते तो वह अपमानित महसूस करती है। पहली बार उसे पता चलता है कि वे दलित हैं।
वह आज्ञाकारी और मेहनती है। जब उसका बड़ा भाई अन्नन कहता है कि सिर्फ पढ़ाई से ही इज्जत मिलेगी और अपमान दूर होगा, तो वह बात मानती है और खूब मेहनत से पढ़ती है। वह हमेशा क्लास में फर्स्ट आती है।
वह तमिलनाडु में जातिगत भेदभाव का सामना करने वाले दलित समुदाय का प्रतीक है। उसकी कहानी दिखाती है कि शिक्षा जातिगत उत्पीड़न से लड़ने और इज्जत पाने का हथियार है। वह शिक्षा के माध्यम से दलित सशक्तिकरण का प्रतीक है।
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MEMORIES OF CHILDHOOD - COMPLETE WORD MEANING LIST (50+ Words)
_Part A - Zitkala-Sa ke Words_
1. Zitkala-Sa - जिटकाला-सा - Native American writer
2. Native American - मूल अमेरिकी - Original people of America
3. Long hair - लंबे बाल - Identity of her culture
4. Culture - संस्कृति - Tradition
5. Carlisle Indian School - कार्लिसल इंडियन स्कूल - Boarding school for Indian children
6. Missionaries - मिशनरी, ईसाई प्रचारक - Christian people who took children
7. First day - पहला दिन - Cold and difficult first day
8. Strict rules - सख्त नियम - Hard discipline
9. English - अंग्रेजी - Forced to speak English
10. Shingled hair - छोटे कटे बाल - Short hair of cowards
11. Cowards - कायर - Weak people, enemies hair cut
12. Brave - बहादुर - Long hair for brave people
13. Hid - छुप गई - Hid in hall to save hair
14. Hall - बड़ा हॉल - Big hall with curtains
15. Tied to chair - कुर्सी से बांधा - Forcibly tied
16. Cutting hair - बाल काटना - Forcible cutting of long hair
17. Cried - रोई - Cried loudly
18. Humiliated - अपमानित - Felt insulted
19. Spirit cut - आत्मा कटी - Felt spirit also cut
_Part B - Bama ke Words_
20. Bama - बामा - Tamil Dalit writer
21. Tamil - तमिल - Language of Tamil Nadu
22. Dalit - दलित - Low caste, untouchable community
23. Third class - तीसरी क्लास - Studying in 3rd class
24. Old man - बूढ़ा आदमी - Low caste elder carrying packet
25. Packet - पैकेट - Small packet with vadai
26. Two fingers - दो उंगलियां - Holding packet with two fingers without touching
27. Strange way - अजीब तरीका - Funny way of carrying
28. Laughed - हंसी - Bama laughed innocently
29. Vadai - वड़ाई - Food item (snack) for upper caste
30. Upper caste - ऊंची जाति - Landlord upper caste
31. Lower caste - निचली जाति - Dalit community
32. Touch - छूना - Cannot touch food
33. Impure - अपवित्र - Considered impure if touched by Dalit
34. Untouchability - छुआछूत - Caste discrimination
35. Insult - अपमान - Insult due to caste
36. Angry - गुस्सा - Bama felt angry
_Part C - Annan and Education ke Words_
37. Annan - अन्नन (बड़ा भाई) - Elder brother of Bama
38. Elder brother - बड़ा भाई - Who explains caste
39. Explained - समझाया - Explained reason of strange carrying
40. Caste discrimination - जातिगत भेदभाव - Discrimination due to caste
41. We Too Are Human Beings - हम भी इंसान हैं - Title of Bama's story
42. Education - शिक्षा, पढ़ाई - Weapon to fight insult
43. Study hard - खूब पढ़ाई करो - Brother's advice
44. Respect - इज्जत - Respect through education
45. First in class - क्लास में फर्स्ट - Bama came first always
46. Revenge - बदला - Took revenge through education
_Extra Board Exam Words_
47. Oppression - उत्पीड़न - Cultural and caste oppression
48. Identity - पहचान - Cultural identity (hair) and human identity
49. Resistance - प्रतिरोध - Resistance against oppression
50. Empowerment - सशक्तिकरण - Dalit empowerment via education
51. Childhood memories - बचपन की यादें - Both are childhood memories
52. Discrimination - भेदभाव - Caste and cultural discrimination
53. Humiliation - अपमान - Both girls felt humiliated
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MEMORIES OF CHILDHOOD - IMPORTANT SHORT QUESTION ANSWERS
_Q1. Who is Zitkala-Sa and what was her culture about long hair?_
_Ans:_ Zitkala-Sa is Native American girl. In her culture long hair was pride and identity for brave people. Short hair was for cowards and mourners. So cutting long hair was insult to culture.
_Q2. What happened in Carlisle Indian School?_
_Ans:_ In Carlisle Indian School, Native American children were forced to follow strict rules, speak English, cut hair. Zitkala-Sa's long hair was cut forcibly tying to chair though she hid in hall. She felt humiliated and spirit cut.
_Q3. Why did Zitkala-Sa hide in hall?_
_Ans:_ Zitkala-Sa hid in hall to avoid cutting of her long hair because cutting hair was against her culture and insult. But she was found and her hair was cut forcibly.
_Q4. Who is Bama and where was she studying?_
_Ans:_ Bama is Tamil Dalit girl studying in third class. She is narrator of second part We Too Are Human Beings.
_Q5. What funny thing did Bama see on way home?_
_Ans:_ Bama saw an old low-caste man carrying small packet of vadai (food) for upper caste landlord in strange way - holding with two fingers without touching, very carefully. She laughed.
_Q6. What was inside packet and why was old man carrying so strangely?_
_Ans:_ Inside packet was vadai (snack) for upper caste landlord. Old man was low caste, so he could not touch food otherwise upper caste would consider it impure. This is untouchability. So he carried with two fingers.
_Q7. How did Bama feel after knowing reason?_
_Ans:_ Bama felt very sad, angry and humiliated after knowing reason. She for first time understood they are Dalits and upper caste consider them impure and not humans. She felt insulted due to caste.
_Q8. What did Annan (brother) advise Bama?_
_Ans:_ Annan advised Bama that if she wants to remove insult and get respect, she should study hard. Only education can give respect and remove caste discrimination.
_Q9. How did Bama take revenge?_
_Ans:_ Bama obeyed brother, studied very hard with full heart and always came first in class. Thus she took revenge of insult through education and got respect.
_Q10. What is common theme of both stories?_
_Ans:_ Both stories are about oppression - Zitkala-Sa faced cultural oppression (cutting of hair, identity) by white people, Bama faced caste oppression (untouchability) by upper caste. Both are childhood memories of humiliation. Both show resistance - Zitkala-Sa resisted, Bama fought through education. Theme is discrimination and empowerment.
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MEMORIES OF CHILDHOOD - LONG QUESTION ANSWER (5-6 Marks)
_Q1. Describe Zitkala-Sa's experience in Carlisle Indian School._
_Ans:_ Zitkala-Sa was Native American girl with long thick hair which was pride of her culture. Christian missionaries took her to Carlisle Indian School.
First day was cold and strict. Children forced to speak English, follow strict rules. She heard her friend's long hair was cut and her hair will also be cut. In her culture long hair for brave, short hair for cowards and mourners, so cutting hair was insult.
To save her culture, she hid in a big hall under curtains. But she was found, dragged, tied to chair and her long hair was cut forcibly though she cried and shouted. She felt humiliated, spirit cut, as if her identity was cut. It was cultural oppression. Her story shows how white people attacked Native American culture in name of education.
_Q2. Describe Bama's experience of untouchability._
_Ans:_ Bama was Tamil Dalit girl studying in third class. One day returning from school, she saw an old low-caste man carrying small packet of vadai for upper caste landlord in strange way - with two fingers without touching, very carefully. She laughed innocently.
At home she asked elder brother Annan why man carried so strangely. Annan explained that man was low caste, packet had food for upper caste landlord. If low caste touches food, upper caste will consider it impure. This is untouchability and caste discrimination.
Bama felt very sad, angry, humiliated. She for first time understood they are Dalits and not considered humans. She understood caste oppression.
Annan advised her to study hard, only education gives respect. Bama studied hard, always came first in class, thus took revenge through education. Her story shows caste discrimination in Tamil Nadu and empowerment through education.
_Q3. What is theme or central idea of Memories of Childhood?_
_Ans:_ Main theme of Memories of Childhood is oppression and discrimination faced in childhood - cultural oppression and caste oppression, and resistance through education and courage.
First part by Zitkala-Sa shows cultural oppression - Native American girl's long hair (cultural identity) cut forcibly in Carlisle Indian School by white missionaries in name of education. She feels humiliated, spirit cut, identity attacked. She resists by hiding but fails.
Second part by Bama shows caste oppression - Tamil Dalit girl sees untouchability - old man carrying vadai with two fingers because low caste cannot touch upper caste food. She feels insulted, angry, understands they are Dalits not considered humans. Her brother advises education as weapon. She studies hard and comes first.
Both are childhood memories of humiliation that left deep impact. Both show discrimination - cultural and caste - and how education and courage can fight oppression. Message is that discrimination is bad and education gives respect and empowerment.
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MEMORIES OF CHILDHOOD - IMPORTANT MCQs
_Q1. Who is author of The Cutting of My Long Hair?_
a) Zitkala-Sa
b) Bama
c) Pearl S. Buck
d) Susan Hill
_Ans: a) Zitkala-Sa_
_Q2. Who is author of We Too Are Human Beings?_
a) Bama
b) Zitkala-Sa
c) Kalki
d) Jack Finney
_Ans: a) Bama_
_Q3. What was special about Zitkala-Sa's hair?_
a) Long hair was pride and identity of brave people in her culture
b) Short hair
c) No hair
d) White hair
_Ans: a) Long hair was pride and identity of brave people in her culture_
_Q4. Where was Zitkala-Sa taken?_
a) Carlisle Indian School
b) Tamil school
c) Chennai school
d) Delhi school
_Ans: a) Carlisle Indian School_
_Q5. What did Zitkala-Sa do to save hair?_
a) Hid in big hall
b) Ran away
c) Cut herself
d) Nothing
_Ans: a) Hid in big hall_
_Q6. What was inside packet old man carried in Bama's story?_
a) Vadai (food for upper caste landlord)
b) Books
c) Money
d) Clothes
_Ans: a) Vadai_
_Q7. Why did old man carry packet with two fingers?_
a) Due to untouchability - low caste cannot touch upper caste food
b) For fun
c) Packet hot
d) Fashion
_Ans: a) Due to untouchability_
_Q8. Who advised Bama to study hard?_
a) Annan, elder brother
b) Mother
c) Teacher
d) Father
_Ans: a) Annan, elder brother_
_Q9. How did Bama take revenge of insult?_
a) By studying hard and coming first in class always
b) By fighting
c) By crying
d) By leaving school
_Ans: a) By studying hard and coming first in class always_
_Q10. What is theme of Memories of Childhood?_
a) Cultural and caste oppression in childhood and resistance through education and courage
b) Love story
c) Tiger hunting
d) Antarctica journey
_Ans: a) Cultural and caste oppression in childhood and resistance through education and courage_
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CONCLUSION
The chapter "Memories of Childhood" has two stories of childhood humiliation. First by Zitkala-Sa - Native American girl whose long hair (cultural pride) was cut forcibly in Carlisle Indian School tying to chair, though she hid in hall. She felt spirit cut and humiliated - cultural oppression.
Second by Bama - Tamil Dalit girl who saw old man carrying vadai packet with two fingers due to untouchability (low caste cannot touch upper caste food). She felt sad, angry, humiliated knowing they are Dalits. Her brother Annan advised education as weapon. She studied hard and came first always.
Both stories show discrimination - cultural and caste - in childhood and how courage and education can fight oppression. Message is discrimination is bad, education gives respect and empowerment.
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Thank You !
All the Best!
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