CHAPTER-6 Poets and Pancakes Class 12 Question Answer | English Notes By Atul Sir। UP Board & CBSE।

FLAMINGO (PROSE) CHAPTER-6

Poets and Pancakes Class 12 Question Answer | English Notes By Atul Sir। UP Board & CBSE

Poets and Pancakes - Pure Hindi Summary For Up Board

यह कहानी लेखक असोकमित्रन के बारे में है जो चेन्नई के जैमिनी स्टूडियोज़ में काम करते थे। जैमिनी स्टूडियोज़ दक्षिण भारत की बहुत बड़ी फिल्म कंपनी थी जहाँ सैकड़ों लोग काम करते थे।

स्टूडियो में एक मेकअप डिपार्टमेंट था जहाँ हीरो-हीरोइनों का मेकअप होता था। वहाँ बहुत तेज रोशनी और गर्मी होती थी क्योंकि मेकअप के लिए बड़ी-बड़ी लाइटें जलती थीं। मेकअप करने के लिए 'पैनकेक' नाम का पाउडर इस्तेमाल होता था जो बहुत ज्यादा मात्रा में आता था। लेखक मजाक में कहते हैं कि वह पैनकेक ट्रक भरकर आता था।

मेकअप डिपार्टमेंट में एक नेशनल लेवल का मेकअप मैन था जो बड़े हीरो-हीरोइनों का मेकअप करता था, फिर सीनियर और जूनियर आर्टिस्ट थे। एक ऑफिस बॉय था जो भीड़ में हीरो-हीरोइनों का मेकअप ठीक करता था। लेखक का काम था न्यूज़पेपर की कतरनें काटना और फाइल में लगाना।

स्टूडियो में एक कहानी विभाग (Story Department) भी था जहाँ लेखक, कवि और स्क्रिप्ट राइटर बैठते थे। वहाँ एक वकील भी था जो पहले वकील था पर अब स्टूडियो में काम करता था। वह बहुत अजीब था और सबको डराता रहता था कि किसी दिन स्टूडियो बंद हो जायेगा।

एक दिन जैमिनी स्टूडियो में MRA नाम की एक इंग्लिश लेखकों की टीम आई। MRA का मतलब था Moral Rearmament Army. वे बहुत गोरे और सुंदर लोग थे जो नाटक दिखाते थे। स्टूडियो के मालिक एस.एस. वासन ने उनका बहुत स्वागत किया। उन्होंने स्टूडियो में भाषण दिया पर किसी को समझ नहीं आया कि वे क्या कहना चाहते हैं। बाद में पता चला कि वे एक आध्यात्मिक आंदोलन चलाते थे।

फिर स्टूडियो में एक और मेहमान आया - स्टीफन स्पेंडर, जो एक प्रसिद्ध अंग्रेज कवि था। वह बहुत गंभीर और उदास दिखता था। स्टूडियो वालों को समझ नहीं आया कि वह क्यों आया है। लेखक को बाद में पता चला कि वह The God That Failed नाम की किताब का लेखक था जिसमें साम्यवाद (Communism) के बारे में लिखा था।

कहानी बताती है कि जैमिनी स्टूडियो में बाहर से सब चमकदार दिखता था पर अंदर बहुत सारी राजनीति, डर और दिखावा था। लेखक ने बहुत ही मजाकिया तरीके से फिल्मी दुनिया की सच्चाई दिखाई है।

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Poets and Pancakes - Proper Summary in English Language)

SUMMARY IN ENGLISH (For CBSE Board)

This story is about the author's experience in Gemini Studios, Chennai, where he worked. Gemini Studios was a big film company in South India where hundreds of people worked.

There was a make-up department where hero-heroines' make-up was done. There was very bright light and heat because big lights were used for make-up. For make-up, 'Pancake' powder was used which came in huge quantity. The author jokes that Pancake came in truck loads.

In make-up department, there was a chief make-up man at national level who did make-up of big stars, then senior and junior artists. There was an office boy who did make-up of crowd artists. Author's work was to cut newspaper clippings and file them.

There was a Story Department where writers, poets and script writers sat. There was also a lawyer who was once a lawyer but now worked in studio. He was very strange and always frightened people that one day studio would be closed.

One day an English team named MRA came to Gemini Studios. MRA means Moral Rearmament Army. They were very fair and beautiful people who showed plays. The owner S.S. Vasan welcomed them. They gave speech in studio but nobody understood what they wanted to say. Later it was known that they ran a spiritual movement.

Then another guest came - Stephen Spender, a famous English poet. He looked very serious and sad. Studio people did not understand why he came. Later author came to know that he was the author of book The God That Failed in which Communism was described.

The story shows that Gemini Studios looked glamorous from outside but inside there was politics, fear and show-off. The author shows the truth of film world in a very humorous way.

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CHARACTER SKETCH OF ASOKAMITRAN (THE AUTHOR) - IN PURE ENGLISH for CBSE

Asokamitran is the author and narrator of Poets and Pancakes. He worked in Gemini Studios, Chennai in the Story Department. His job was to cut newspaper clippings and file them.

He is a very observant and humorous person. He notices small things - like Pancake powder coming in truck loads, bright lights in make-up room, office boy's work. He describes everything with humour and sarcasm.

He is simple and honest. He does not show off. He tells the truth about film industry - that it looks glamorous but inside there is fear, politics and insecurity.

He is also knowledgeable. He knows about English poets like Stephen Spender, about MRA, about Communism and about The God That Failed book.

He is an ideal narrator who presents a realistic and funny picture of Gemini Studios in 1940s-50s.

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असोकमित्रन का चरित्र चित्रण - शुद्ध हिंदी में UP Board

असोकमित्रन इस कहानी के लेखक और मुख्य पात्र हैं। वे चेन्नई के जैमिनी स्टूडियोज़ में स्टोरी डिपार्टमेंट में काम करते थे। उनका काम अखबार की कतरनें काटना और फाइल में लगाना था।

वे बहुत ही ध्यान से देखने वाले और मजाकिया स्वभाव के हैं। वे छोटी-छोटी बातों पर ध्यान देते हैं - जैसे पैनकेक पाउडर ट्रक भरकर आना, मेकअप रूम में तेज रोशनी, ऑफिस बॉय का काम। वे हर चीज को हंसी-मजाक और व्यंग्य के साथ बताते हैं।

वे सादे और ईमानदार हैं। वे दिखावा नहीं करते। वे फिल्म इंडस्ट्री की सच्चाई बताते हैं - कि बाहर से वह चमकदार दिखती है पर अंदर डर, राजनीति और असुरक्षा है।

वे बहुत ज्ञानी भी हैं। वे स्टीफन स्पेंडर जैसे अंग्रेज कवियों, MRA, साम्यवाद और The God That Failed किताब के बारे में जानते हैं।

वे एक आदर्श लेखक हैं जो 1940-50 के जैमिनी स्टूडियोज़ की असली और मजेदार तस्वीर पेश करते हैं।

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CHARACTER SKETCH OF S.S. VASAN - IN PURE ENGLISH for CBSE

S.S. Vasan is the owner of Gemini Studios, Chennai. He is a very successful and influential film producer.

He is very welcoming to guests. When MRA (Moral Rearmament Army) team comes, he gives them grand welcome and hospitality. When Stephen Spender comes, he also welcomes him.

He is a businessman who knows how to run a big studio with hundreds of workers. He maintains discipline and glamour in his studio. He is powerful enough to invite English teams and poets.

He is also humorous. He has a good sense of humour and runs his studio with style. Gemini Studios under him became the most famous film studio in South India.

He represents the glamour and business mind of film industry.

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एस.एस. वासन का चरित्र चित्रण - शुद्ध हिंदी में UP Board

एस.एस. वासन जैमिनी स्टूडियोज़, चेन्नई के मालिक हैं। वे बहुत सफल और प्रभावशाली फिल्म निर्माता हैं।

वे मेहमानों का बहुत स्वागत करते हैं। जब MRA (मोरल रीआर्मामेंट आर्मी) की टीम आती है तो वे उनका बहुत बड़ा स्वागत और मेहमाननवाजी करते हैं। जब स्टीफन स्पेंडर आते हैं तो उनका भी स्वागत करते हैं।

वे एक व्यापारी हैं जो सैकड़ों कर्मचारियों के साथ एक बड़े स्टूडियो को चलाना जानते हैं। वे अपने स्टूडियो में अनुशासन और चमक-दमक बनाए रखते हैं। वे इतने शक्तिशाली हैं कि अंग्रेज टीमों और कवियों को बुला सकते हैं।

वे मजाकिया भी हैं। उनमें हंसी-मजाक की अच्छी समझ है और वे स्टाइल से अपना स्टूडियो चलाते हैं। उनके अधीन जैमिनी स्टूडियोज़ दक्षिण भारत का सबसे प्रसिद्ध फिल्म स्टूडियो बन गया।

वे फिल्म इंडस्ट्री की चमक-दमक और व्यापारिक दिमाग का प्रतीक हैं।

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POETS AND PANCAKES - WORD MEANINGS (Full Chapter)

English Word Hindi Meaning English Meaning

Gemini Studios जैमिनी स्टूडियोज़ (चेन्नई) Film studio in Chennai

Pancake पैनकेक (मेकअप पाउडर) Make-up powder

Make-up मेकअप, श्रृंगार Face make-up

Department विभाग Section

Studio स्टूडियो Film shooting place

Chief मुख्य Main person

Senior वरिष्ठ Elder

Junior कनिष्ठ Younger

Office boy ऑफिस का लड़का Helper boy

Crowd भीड़ Group of people

Clipping कतरन Cutting from newspaper

Story Department कहानी विभाग Where stories are written

Lawyer वकील Advocate

MRA मोरल रीआर्मामेंट आर्मी English drama company

Moral नैतिक Moral

Rearmament फिर से हथियारबंदी Re-arming

Army सेना Army

Drama नाटक Play

Spiritual आध्यात्मिक Related to soul

Movement आंदोलन Campaign

Stephen Spender स्टीफन स्पेंडर (अंग्रेज कवि) English poet

Poet कवि Poet

Communism साम्यवाद Communism

The God That Failed वह भगवान जो असफल रहा Name of a book

Owner मालिक Owner

S.S. Vasan एस.एस. वासन (स्टूडियो मालिक) Owner of Gemini

Glamour चमक-दमक Shine and show

Politics राजनीति Politics

Fear डर Fear

POETS AND PANCAKES - COMPLETE WORD MEANING LIST (50+ Words)

_Part A - Starting ke Difficult Words_

1.  Gemini Studios - जैमिनी स्टूडियो - Famous studio in Chennai

2.  Pancake - पैनकेक पाउडर - Make-up powder brand

3.  Truck loads - ट्रक भरकर - Huge quantity

4.  Make-up department - मेकअप विभाग - Where make-up is done

5.  Chief make-up man - मुख्य मेकअप मैन - Main make-up artist

6.  Senior artist - सीनियर कलाकार - Elder artist

7.  Junior artist - जूनियर कलाकार - Younger artist

8.  Office boy - ऑफिस बॉय - Helper for crowd make-up

9.  Crowd player - भीड़ में काम करने वाला - Extra artist

10. Slapping - थप्पड़ मारना, लगाना - Applying make-up quickly

11. Potions - घोल, मिश्रण - Liquid make-up

12. Lotions - लोशन - Cream

13. Fiery - आग जैसा गर्म - Very hot

14. Misery - दुख, तकलीफ - Suffering due to heat

_Part B - Office Work ke Words_

15. Clippings - अखबार की कतरनें - Cuttings from newspaper

16. Filing - फाइल में लगाना - Putting in file

17. Story Department - कहानी विभाग - Department for scripts

18. Script - पटकथा - Story for film

19. Writer - लेखक - Who writes

20. Poet - कवि - Poet

21. Lawyer - वकील - Advocate

22. Legal adviser - कानूनी सलाहकार - Lawyer for advice

23. Formally - औपचारिक रूप से - Officially

24. Unlawfully - गैर-कानूनी रूप से - Illegally

25. Neutral - तटस्थ - Not taking sides

_Part C - MRA and Spender ke Words_

26. MRA - मोरल रीआर्मामेंट आर्मी - Moral Rearmament Army (drama group)

27. Moral - नैतिक - Related to morals

28. Rearmament - पुनः शस्त्रीकरण - Re-arming morally

29. Army - सेना - Group

30. Frank Buchman - फ्रैंक बुकमैन - Founder of MRA

31. Homilies - उपदेश - Sermons

32. Counter - विरोध करना - To oppose

33. Communism - साम्यवाद - Political system

34. Stephen Spender - स्टीफन स्पेंडर - Famous English poet

35. The God That Failed - किताब का नाम - Book about failure of communism

36. S.S. Vasan - एस.एस. वासन - Owner of Gemini Studios

37. Editor - संपादक - Who edits

38. Prose - गद्य - Ordinary writing

_Part D - Film World ke Words_

39. Glamour - चमक-दमक - Show and shine

40. Politics - राजनीति - Internal politics

41. Insecurity - असुरक्षा - Fear of losing job

42. Fear - डर - Afraid

43. Humour - हास्य - Comedy

44. Sarcasm - व्यंग्य - Taunting humour

45. Incandescent - बहुत तेज रोशनी - Very bright light

46. Fiery - गर्म - Hot

_Extra Board Exam Words_

47. Favourite - पसंदीदा - Liked most

48. Haunt - अड्डा, जगह - Place visited often

49. Cubicle - छोटा कमरा - Small room

50. Kothamangalam Subbu - कोथमंगलम सुब्बू - No.2 in Gemini Studios

51. Tamil drama - तमिल नाटक - Drama in Tamil

52. National - राष्ट्रीय - Of nation

53. Talent - प्रतिभा - Quality

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POETS AND PANCAKES - IMPORTANT SHORT QUESTION ANSWERS

_Q1. What is Pancake and what is it used for?_

_Ans:_ Pancake is a brand of make-up powder. In Gemini Studios, it was used for make-up of hero-heroines. It came in truck loads and was used in make-up department.

_Q2. What was the work of Asokamitran in Gemini Studios?_

_Ans:_ Asokamitran worked in Story Department of Gemini Studios. His work was to cut newspaper clippings from newspapers on various topics and file them.

_Q3. What was special about make-up department?_

_Ans:_ Make-up department had very bright, fiery lights and heat. Chief make-up man did make-up of big stars, senior of second heroes, junior of crowd players and office boy did make-up of crowd.

_Q4. Who was the office boy and what was his work?_

_Ans:_ The office boy was a young boy in make-up department. His work was to do make-up of crowd players. He would come quickly and slap Pancake on crowd faces.

_Q5. Who was the lawyer in Story Department?_

_Ans:_ The lawyer was a man who was once a lawyer but now worked in Story Department of Gemini Studios. He was strange and always frightened people that studio would be closed.

_Q6. What is MRA?_

_Ans:_ MRA means Moral Rearmament Army. It was an English drama company of fair, beautiful people who came to Gemini Studios. They showed plays with spiritual message against communism.

_Q7. Who was Stephen Spender and why did he come to Gemini Studios?_

_Ans:_ Stephen Spender was a famous English poet and author of book The God That Failed about failure of Communism. He came to Gemini Studios on invitation of S.S. Vasan, but nobody understood why he came.

_Q8. What is The God That Failed?_

_Ans:_ The God That Failed is a book by 6 authors including Stephen Spender. It is about failure of Communism. Communism was God for them but it failed, so book is named so.

_Q9. Who was S.S. Vasan?_

_Ans:_ S.S. Vasan was the owner and founder of Gemini Studios, Chennai. He was a successful film producer who welcomed MRA and Stephen Spender and ran the biggest studio of South India.

_Q10. What is the moral of Poets and Pancakes?_

_Ans:_ The moral is that film industry looks glamorous from outside but inside there is insecurity, fear, politics and show-off. The author shows it humorously and tells truth of film world.

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POETS AND PANCAKES - LONG QUESTION ANSWER (5-6 Marks)

_Q1. Describe the make-up department of Gemini Studios._

_Ans:_ The make-up department of Gemini Studios was on the upper floor. It had to face very bright incandescent lights which produced fiery heat. So people in make-up room suffered.

For make-up, Pancake powder was used which came in truck loads. Make-up was done in order - chief make-up man did make-up of top heroes and heroines, senior artists did of second heroes, junior did of crowd players and office boy did make-up of crowd. Office boy would quickly come and slap Pancake on faces.

The make-up department shows the glamour and hardship of film industry. It looked glamorous but people suffered due to heat and lights. Author describes it with humour.

_Q2. What was MRA and what did they do in Gemini Studios?_

_Ans:_ MRA means Moral Rearmament Army. It was an international spiritual movement started by Frank Buchman. It was against Communism. A team of MRA came to Gemini Studios - they were fair, beautiful English people.

S.S. Vasan, owner of Gemini, gave them grand welcome. They stayed in Madras and showed two plays - Jotham Valley and The Forgotten Factorial in a very professional way. They gave message of brotherhood and spirituality. Their plays were simple but impressive. They wanted to counter Communism with spiritualism. But Gemini people could not understand their real message.

MRA shows the influence of English drama companies on Indian film industry in 1950s.

_Q3. What is the theme or central idea of Poets and Pancakes?_

_Ans:_ The main theme of Poets and Pancakes is to show the real picture of film industry, especially Gemini Studios in 1940s-50s, with humour and sarcasm.

From outside film industry looks glamorous - beautiful heroines, bright lights, Pancake make-up, big studio. But inside there is insecurity, politics, fear and show-off. People are afraid of losing jobs. Lawyer always says studio will close. Office boy is frustrated.

Author Asokamitran worked in Story Department cutting newspaper clippings. He shows small funny incidents - Pancake in truck loads, office boy's make-up, lawyer's fear, MRA's visit, Stephen Spender's visit. He shows that poets and writers in studio had no real work.

The visit of Stephen Spender, author of The God That Failed, shows connection between English literature and Indian films and failure of Communism.

Thus the story is a humorous and realistic account of Gemini Studios and film world.

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POETS AND PANCAKES - IMPORTANT MCQs

_Q1. Who is the author of Poets and Pancakes?_

a) Asokamitran

b) Louis Fischer

c) William Douglas

d) Alphonse Daudet

_Ans: a) Asokamitran_

_Q2. Where is Gemini Studios located?_

a) Chennai

b) Mumbai

c) Delhi

d) Kolkata

_Ans: a) Chennai_

_Q3. What is Pancake?_

a) Make-up powder

b) Food to eat

c) A game

d) A film

_Ans: a) Make-up powder_

_Q4. What was Asokamitran's work in Gemini Studios?_

a) Cutting newspaper clippings and filing

b) Doing make-up

c) Acting

d) Directing

_Ans: a) Cutting newspaper clippings and filing_

_Q5. Who was the office boy?_

a) A boy who did crowd make-up

b) Owner of studio

c) A poet

d) A lawyer

_Ans: a) A boy who did crowd make-up_

_Q6. What is MRA?_

a) Moral Rearmament Army

b) Madras Red Army

c) My Real Army

d) Modern Rear Army

_Ans: a) Moral Rearmament Army_

_Q7. Who was Stephen Spender?_

a) English poet and author of The God That Failed

b) Film hero

c) Make-up man

d) Lawyer

_Ans: a) English poet and author of The God That Failed_

_Q8. Who was the owner of Gemini Studios?_

a) S.S. Vasan

b) Asokamitran

c) Subbu

d) Spender

_Ans: a) S.S. Vasan_

_Q9. What book did Stephen Spender write?_

a) The God That Failed

b) Poets and Pancakes

c) Indigo

d) Deep Water

_Ans: a) The God That Failed_

_Q10. What does the story show?_

a) Real glamorous and political life of Gemini Studios with humour

b) Only make-up

c) Only poetry

d) Nothing

_Ans: a) Real glamorous and political life of Gemini Studios with humour_

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CONCLUSION

The story "Poets and Pancakes" gives a humorous and realistic picture of Gemini Studios, Chennai in 1940s-50s. It shows that film industry looks glamorous from outside due to Pancake make-up, bright lights, beautiful artists, but inside there is insecurity, politics, fear and show-off. The author Asokamitran presents it with humour and sarcasm. Visits of MRA and Stephen Spender show connection of English literature with Indian films. It is a satire on film world.

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Thank You ! 

All the Best! 

😊✌

CHAPTER-5 Indigo Class 12 Question Answer | English Notes By Atul Sir। UP Board & CBSE।

FLAMINGO (PROSE) CHAPTER-5

Indigo Class 12 Question Answer | English Notes By Atul Sir। UP Board & CBSE

Indigo - Pure Hindi Summary For Up Board

यह कहानी चंपारण, बिहार के किसानों की है और महात्मा गांधी के पहले सत्याग्रह की है जो 1917 में हुआ था।

लेखक लुई फिशर ने लिखा है कि कैसे गांधीजी चंपारण गए। 1916 में कांग्रेस के अधिवेशन में गांधीजी लखनऊ गए थे। वहाँ एक गरीब किसान राजकुमार शुक्ल उन्हें मिला। राजकुमार शुक्ल चंपारण का किसान था। उसने गांधीजी से कहा कि आप हमारे यहाँ चंपारण आइये और हमारे दुख देखिये। गांधीजी ने कहा कि वे जरूर आयेंगे।

राजकुमार शुक्ल गांधीजी के पीछे लग गया। वह गांधीजी को अपने साथ चंपारण ले जाना चाहता था। वह आश्रम गया, कलकत्ता गया। आखिर गांधीजी मान गए और 1917 में वे पटना गए और फिर मुजफ्फरपुर और फिर चंपारण पहुंचे।

चंपारण में अंग्रेज जमींदार किसानों पर बहुत अत्याचार करते थे। किसानों को अपनी जमीन के 3/20 हिस्से पर नील (Indigo) की खेती करना जरूरी था। इसे 'तीनकठिया प्रणाली' कहते थे। अंग्रेज नील से रंग बनाते थे और उसे महंगे दाम पर बेचते थे। बाद में जर्मनी में नकली नील बनने लगा तो अंग्रेजों को नील की जरूरत नहीं रही। उन्होंने किसानों से कहा कि अगर नील नहीं उगाना तो पैसा दो। किसानों ने पैसा दिया पर बाद में उन्हें पता चला कि उनसे धोखा हुआ है।

गांधीजी जब चंपारण पहुंचे तो अंग्रेज अधिकारी ने उन्हें चंपारण छोड़ने का आदेश दिया। गांधीजी ने मना कर दिया। उन पर मुकदमा चला। हजारों किसान गांधीजी को देखने आए। अंग्रेज सरकार डर गई और मुकदमा वापस ले लिया। यह भारत में सविनय अवज्ञा (Civil Disobedience) की पहली जीत थी।

फिर गांधीजी ने किसानों की समस्या की जांच शुरू की। उन्होंने 10,000 किसानों के बयान लिए। सरकारी जांच कमेटी बनी जिसमें गांधीजी को भी सदस्य बनाया गया। आखिर में फैसला हुआ कि किसानों को उनका पैसा वापस मिलेगा। अंग्रेजों ने 25% पैसा वापस दिया। गांधीजी ने 25% ही स्वीकार कर लिया क्योंकि वे पैसे से ज्यादा इज्जत और किसानों का डर खत्म करना चाहते थे।

गांधीजी ने चंपारण में 6 महीने बिताए। उन्होंने वहाँ स्कूल खोले, सफाई सिखाई, औरतों को समझाया। वे कहते थे कि आत्मनिर्भरता जरूरी है।

चंपारण की जीत ने दिखा दिया कि गरीब किसानों की ताकत क्या होती है जब उनके साथ गांधी जैसा नेता हो। यह गांधीजी के भारत में बड़े आंदोलनों की शुरुआत थी।

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Indigo - Proper Summary in English Language)

SUMMARY IN ENGLISH (For CBSE Board)

This story is about the Champaran peasants and Gandhi's first Satyagraha in India in 1917.

The author Louis Fischer tells how Gandhi went to Champaran. In 1916, Gandhiji went to Lucknow for Congress session. There a poor peasant Rajkumar Shukla from Champaran met him. Shukla requested Gandhiji to come to Champaran and see their miseries. Gandhiji said he would come.

Rajkumar Shukla followed Gandhiji everywhere - to Ashram, to Calcutta. At last Gandhiji agreed and in 1917 he went to Patna, then Muzaffarpur and then Champaran.

In Champaran, English landlords were very cruel to peasants. Peasants had to grow Indigo on 3/20 part of their land. This system was called 'Tinkathia system'. English used Indigo to make dyes and sold at high price. Later synthetic Indigo was made in Germany, so English did not need natural Indigo. They told peasants to pay money if they did not want to grow Indigo. Peasants paid money but later they knew they were cheated.

When Gandhiji reached Champaran, the British officer ordered him to leave Champaran. Gandhiji refused. A case was filed against him. Thousands of peasants came to see Gandhiji. The British Government was afraid and withdrew the case. This was the first victory of Civil Disobedience in India.

Then Gandhiji started inquiry into peasants' problems. He recorded statements of 10,000 peasants. An official inquiry commission was set up in which Gandhiji was also a member. At last it was decided that peasants would get their money back. English landlords agreed to refund 25% money. Gandhiji accepted 25% because he wanted more than money - he wanted to remove fear of peasants and give them honour.

Gandhiji spent 6 months in Champaran. He opened schools, taught cleanliness, taught women. He said self-reliance is necessary.

The victory of Champaran showed the power of poor peasants when they have a leader like Gandhi. It was the beginning of Gandhi's big movements in India.

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CHARACTER SKETCH OF MAHATMA GANDHI - IN PURE ENGLISH for CBSE

Mahatma Gandhi is the central character of the story Indigo. He is shown as a great leader, kind, simple and determined.

He is very humble and cares for poor peasants. When Rajkumar Shukla, a poor peasant, requests him to come to Champaran, Gandhi does not refuse. He goes to Champaran and fights for peasants' rights.

He is very courageous and fearless. When British officer orders him to leave Champaran, he disobeys and faces trial. He is not afraid of jail. His courage inspires thousands of peasants.

He is very intelligent and practical. He does not want only money, he wants to remove fear from peasants' hearts. He accepts 25% refund because he wants moral victory, not money. He is self-reliant and wants peasants to be self-reliant. He opens schools, teaches cleanliness.

He is an ideal leader who loves truth and non-violence. Champaran was his first Satyagraha in India and it made him a national hero.

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महात्मा गांधी का चरित्र चित्रण - शुद्ध हिंदी में UP Board

महात्मा गांधी इस कहानी के मुख्य पात्र हैं। उन्हें एक महान नेता, दयालु, सादा और दृढ़ निश्चयी व्यक्ति के रूप में दिखाया गया है।

वे बहुत विनम्र हैं और गरीब किसानों की परवाह करते हैं। जब एक गरीब किसान राजकुमार शुक्ल उनसे चंपारण आने की प्रार्थना करता है तो गांधीजी मना नहीं करते। वे चंपारण जाते हैं और किसानों के हक के लिए लड़ते हैं।

वे बहुत साहसी और निडर हैं। जब अंग्रेज अधिकारी उन्हें चंपारण छोड़ने का आदेश देता है तो वे अवज्ञा करते हैं और मुकदमे का सामना करते हैं। वे जेल से नहीं डरते। उनकी हिम्मत से हजारों किसान प्रेरित होते हैं।

वे बहुत बुद्धिमान और व्यावहारिक हैं। वे सिर्फ पैसा नहीं चाहते, वे किसानों के दिल से डर निकालना चाहते हैं। वे 25% पैसा वापस लेना स्वीकार कर लेते हैं क्योंकि वे नैतिक जीत चाहते हैं, पैसा नहीं। वे आत्मनिर्भर हैं और चाहते हैं कि किसान भी आत्मनिर्भर बनें। वे स्कूल खोलते हैं, सफाई सिखाते हैं।

वे एक आदर्श नेता हैं जो सत्य और अहिंसा से प्यार करते हैं। चंपारण भारत में उनका पहला सत्याग्रह था और इसने उन्हें राष्ट्रीय नायक बना दिया।

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CHARACTER SKETCH OF RAJKUMAR SHUKLA - IN PURE ENGLISH for CBSE

Rajkumar Shukla is a poor, illiterate but determined peasant from Champaran. He is the man who brought Gandhiji to Champaran.

He is poor and in miserable condition but he has strong will power. When he meets Gandhiji in Lucknow in 1916, he requests him to come to Champaran. He does not leave Gandhiji until Gandhiji agrees.

He follows Gandhiji to his Ashram in Ahmedabad, to Calcutta and everywhere. He is very persistent and determined. He does not give up. At last Gandhiji has to go with him to Champaran.

He is innocent, simple and honest. He represents poor peasants of Champaran who were exploited by English landlords. He is the real hero who started Champaran movement. Without him, Gandhi might not have gone to Champaran.

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राजकुमार शुक्ल का चरित्र चित्रण - शुद्ध हिंदी में UP Board

राजकुमार शुक्ल चंपारण का एक गरीब, अनपढ़ पर दृढ़ निश्चयी किसान है। वह वह व्यक्ति है जो गांधीजी को चंपारण लेकर आया।

वह गरीब और दयनीय स्थिति में है पर उसमें मजबूत इच्छा शक्ति है। जब वह 1916 में लखनऊ में गांधीजी से मिलता है तो वह उनसे चंपारण आने की प्रार्थना करता है। वह गांधीजी का पीछा तब तक नहीं छोड़ता जब तक गांधीजी मान नहीं जाते।

वह गांधीजी के आश्रम अहमदाबाद, कलकत्ता हर जगह जाता है। वह बहुत दृढ़ और लगातार कोशिश करने वाला है। वह हार नहीं मानता। आखिर में गांधीजी को उसके साथ चंपारण जाना पड़ता है।

वह मासूम, सादा और ईमानदार है। वह चंपारण के उन गरीब किसानों का प्रतीक है जिनका अंग्रेज जमींदार शोषण करते थे। वह असली नायक है जिसने चंपारण आंदोलन शुरू कराया। उसके बिना गांधीजी शायद चंपारण नहीं जाते।

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INDIGO - WORD MEANINGS (Full Chapter)

English Word Hindi Meaning English Meaning

Indigo नील (एक पौधा जिससे रंग बनता है) A plant for blue dye

Champaran चंपारण (बिहार का जिला) District in Bihar

Peasant किसान Farmer

British अंग्रेज English people

Landlord जमींदार Land owner

Sharecropper बटाईदार Farmer who works on other's land

Tinkathia तीनकठिया प्रणाली (3/20 जमीन पर नील) System of growing indigo

Agreement समझौता Contract

Synthetic नकली, बनावटी Artificial

Dye रंग Colour

Exploitation शोषण Misuse

Torture अत्याचार Cruelty

Complaint शिकायत Complaint

Congress कांग्रेस (पार्टी) Congress party

Session अधिवेशन Meeting

Illiterate अनपढ़ Who cannot read/write

Determined दृढ़ निश्चयी Firm

Persistent लगातार कोशिश करने वाला Who never gives up

Ashram आश्रम Place where Gandhi lived

Muzaffarpur मुजफ्फरपुर (बिहार का शहर) City in Bihar

Patna पटना (बिहार की राजधानी) Capital of Bihar

Ordered आदेश दिया Commanded

Trial मुकदमा Case in court

Disobedience अवज्ञा Not obeying

Civil Disobedience सविनय अवज्ञा Peaceful non-obedience

Inquiry जांच Investigation

Commission आयोग Committee

Refund वापस करना To return money

Self-reliance आत्मनिर्भरता Depending on self

Cleanliness सफाई Clean state

Victory जीत Win

INDIGO - COMPLETE WORD MEANING LIST (50+ Words)

_Part A - Starting ke Difficult Words_

1.  Indigo - नील - Blue dye plant

2.  Champaran - चंपारण जिला - District in Bihar

3.  Peasant - किसान - Farmer

4.  Sharecropper - बटाई पर खेती करने वाला - Farmer on other's land

5.  British landlord - अंग्रेज जमींदार - English land owner

6.  Tinkathia - तीनकठिया (3/20) - System of indigo cultivation

7.  Agreement - समझौता - Contract

8.  Plantation - बागान - Farm of indigo

9.  Synthetic indigo - नकली नील - Artificial indigo made in Germany

10. Exploitation - शोषण - Torture

11. Oppressed - सताया हुआ - Tortured

12. Resilient - मजबूत, सहनशील - Strong

_Part B - Gandhi ke Words_

13. Congress session - कांग्रेस अधिवेशन - Congress meeting

14. Lucknow - लखनऊ - City in UP

15. Rajkumar Shukla - राजकुमार शुक्ल - Poor peasant

16. Illiterate - अनपढ़ - Cannot read/write

17. Persistent - लगातार पीछे लगा रहने वाला - Determined

18. Ashram - आश्रम - Gandhi's residence

19. Muzaffarpur - मुजफ्फरपुर - City in Bihar

20. Professor J.B. Kripalani - प्रोफेसर कृपलानी - Professor who helped Gandhi

21. Patna - पटना - Capital of Bihar

22. Determined - दृढ़ निश्चय वाला - Firm decision

23. Humble - विनम्र - Simple

_Part C - Champaran Action ke Words_

24. Ordered to leave - छोड़ने का आदेश - Commanded to go

25. Disobey - अवज्ञा करना - Not obey

26. Trial - मुकदमा - Court case

27. Summons - बुलावा, समन - Court notice

28. Bail - जमानत - Security for release

29. Civil Disobedience - सविनय अवज्ञा आंदोलन - Non-violent disobedience

30. Peasants crowd - किसानों की भीड़ - Crowd of farmers

31. Inquiry - जांच-पड़ताल - Investigation

32. Evidence - सबूत - Proof

33. Statement - बयान - Words recorded

34. Official commission - सरकारी आयोग - Government committee

35. Lieutenant Governor - लेफ्टिनेंट गवर्नर - Head of province

36. Refund - पैसा वापस करना - Return money

37. 25% refund - 25% पैसा वापस - One-fourth money returned

38. Moral victory - नैतिक जीत - Victory of honour

_Part D - Social Work ke Words_

39. Self-reliance - आत्मनिर्भरता - Depending on self

40. Cleanliness - स्वच्छता - Being clean

41. Sanitation - सफाई व्यवस्था - Cleanliness system

42. School - स्कूल - Place of education

43. Health - स्वास्थ्य - Good body

44. Volunteer - स्वयंसेवक - Helper

45. Kasturbai - कस्तूरबा गांधी - Gandhi's wife

46. Devdas - देवदास - Gandhi's son

_Extra Board Exam Words_

47. Tenant - किरायेदार किसान - Farmer living on other's land

48. Agreement - अनुबंध - Contract

49. Illegal - गैरकानूनी - Against law

50. Untouchability - छुआछूत - Not touching lower caste

51. Empowerment - सशक्तिकरण - Making powerful

52. Leadership - नेतृत्व - Quality of leader

53. Satyagraha - सत्याग्रह - Truth force

*_**_**_*___

INDIGO - IMPORTANT SHORT QUESTION ANSWERS

_Q1. Who was Rajkumar Shukla and why did he meet Gandhiji?_

_Ans:_ Rajkumar Shukla was a poor, illiterate peasant from Champaran. He met Gandhiji in Lucknow in 1916 at Congress session and requested him to come to Champaran to see peasants' miseries.

_Q2. What is Tinkathia system?_

_Ans:_ Tinkathia system was an agreement in Champaran where peasants had to grow Indigo on 3/20 part (15%) of their land for British landlords.

_Q3. Why did British landlords not need Indigo later?_

_Ans:_ Later synthetic Indigo was made in Germany, so natural Indigo was not needed. So British told peasants to pay compensation if they did not want to grow Indigo.

_Q4. What happened when Gandhiji went to Champaran?_

_Ans:_ When Gandhiji went to Champaran, British officer ordered him to leave Champaran. Gandhiji disobeyed. A case was filed against him. Thousands of peasants gathered. British withdrew the case. It was first victory of Civil Disobedience.

_Q5. What was the inquiry commission?_

_Ans:_ An official inquiry commission was formed to investigate peasants' problems. Gandhiji was made a member. It recorded statements of 10,000 peasants and decided to refund money.

_Q6. How much refund did peasants get?_

_Ans:_ British landlords agreed to refund 25% of money to peasants. Gandhiji accepted it because he wanted moral victory and to remove fear, not just money.

_Q7. Why did Gandhi accept only 25% refund?_

_Ans:_ Gandhi accepted 25% because money was less important than honour and fearlessness. He wanted to make peasants free from fear and show that British could be challenged.

_Q8. What social work did Gandhi do in Champaran?_

_Ans:_ Gandhi stayed 6 months in Champaran. He opened primary schools, taught cleanliness, sanitation, health and self-reliance. Kasturbai taught women. He wanted to make villagers self-reliant.

_Q9. What was the importance of Champaran movement?_

_Ans:_ Champaran was Gandhi's first Satyagraha in India in 1917. It showed that poor peasants could be united and British could be defeated with truth and non-violence. It made Gandhi a national leader.

_Q10. What does Indigo symbolize?_

_Ans:_ Indigo symbolizes exploitation of peasants by British landlords and also the beginning of Gandhi's fight against British rule with Satyagraha.

*_**_*_

INDIGO - LONG QUESTION ANSWER (5-6 Marks)

_Q1. Why did Rajkumar Shukla invite Gandhiji to Champaran? How did Gandhiji reach Champaran?_

_Ans:_ Rajkumar Shukla was a poor peasant from Champaran. He was illiterate but determined. In 1916, he met Gandhiji at Lucknow Congress session and requested him to come to Champaran to see peasants' miseries due to Indigo cultivation.

Gandhiji was busy. But Shukla followed him everywhere - to Ashram in Ahmedabad, to Calcutta. He was very persistent. At last Gandhiji agreed in 1917. He went to Patna, then Muzaffarpur where Prof. J.B. Kripalani helped him. Then he reached Champaran. There British officer ordered him to leave, but Gandhiji disobeyed and faced trial. Thousands of peasants came to support him. British withdrew case. Thus Shukla brought Gandhiji to Champaran and started Champaran movement.

_Q2. Describe the exploitation of peasants in Champaran and how Gandhi helped them._

_Ans:_ In Champaran, peasants were sharecroppers. They had to grow Indigo on 3/20 part of their land under Tinkathia system. British landlords forced them and tortured them. Later when synthetic Indigo came from Germany, British did not need natural Indigo. They cheated peasants and took money as compensation for not growing Indigo.

When Gandhiji reached Champaran, he started inquiry. He recorded statements of 10,000 peasants. An official commission was formed with Gandhiji as member. It decided that 25% money would be refunded to peasants. Gandhiji accepted it for moral victory. He also removed fear from peasants' hearts. He taught them self-reliance, opened schools, taught cleanliness. Champaran became first Satyagraha victory and made peasants fearless.

_Q3. What is the theme or central idea of Indigo?_

_Ans:_ The main theme of Indigo is the exploitation of poor peasants by British landlords and Gandhi's fight for their rights with Satyagraha.

The story shows how British landlords exploited Champaran peasants through Tinkathia system. They forced them to grow Indigo and cheated them. Gandhi came and fought with truth and non-violence. He disobeyed British order, faced trial and won.

The story also shows Gandhi's leadership - he was humble, fearless, practical and self-reliant. He wanted not only money but moral victory and removal of fear. He also did social work - schools, cleanliness, women education.

Champaran movement was important because it was Gandhi's first successful Satyagraha in India and it paved way for bigger movements like Non-Cooperation and Quit India. It shows power of truth and unity.

-*_**_**_*____

INDIGO - IMPORTANT MCQs

_Q1. Who is the author of Indigo?_

a) Louis Fischer

b) William Douglas

c) Selma Lagerlof

d) Anees Jung

_Ans: a) Louis Fischer_

_Q2. Where is Champaran situated?_

a) Bihar

b) UP

c) Bengal

d) Gujarat

_Ans: a) Bihar_

_Q3. Who was Rajkumar Shukla?_

a) A poor peasant from Champaran

b) A lawyer

c) A landlord

d) A teacher

_Ans: a) A poor peasant from Champaran_

_Q4. When did Gandhi go to Lucknow Congress session?_

a) 1916

b) 1917

c) 1918

d) 1920

_Ans: a) 1916_

_Q5. What is Tinkathia system?_

a) Growing Indigo on 3/20 land

b) Growing wheat

c) Paying tax

d) Growing cotton

_Ans: a) Growing Indigo on 3/20 land_

_Q6. What is Indigo?_

a) A plant to make blue dye

b) A food

c) A machine

d) A cloth

_Ans: a) A plant to make blue dye_

_Q7. How much refund did peasants get?_

a) 25%

b) 50%

c) 100%

d) 10%

_Ans: a) 25%_

_Q8. What was the first victory of Civil Disobedience in India?_

a) Champaran

b) Dandi March

c) Quit India

d) Non-Cooperation

_Ans: a) Champaran_

_Q9. Who helped Gandhi in Muzaffarpur?_

a) Prof. J.B. Kripalani

b) Rajkumar Shukla

c) Kasturbai

d) Devdas

_Ans: a) Prof. J.B. Kripalani_

_Q10. What is the moral of Indigo?_

a) Truth and non-violence can defeat exploitation

b) Grow Indigo

c) Be British

d) Cheat peasants

_Ans: a) Truth and non-violence can defeat exploitation_

*_**_*_

CONCLUSION

The story "Indigo" teaches us a great lesson of exploitation of poor peasants and Gandhi's Satyagraha. It shows that British landlords exploited Champaran peasants but Gandhi with truth, non-violence and courage freed them. Champaran movement was Gandhi's first victory in India and it taught peasants to be fearless and self-reliant. The story inspires us to fight injustice with truth and non-violence.

*_**_**_**_**_**_**_**_*____

Thank You ! 

All the Best! 

😊✌

CHAPTER -4 The Rattrap Class 12 Question Answer | English Notes By Atul Sir। UP Board & CBSE

FLAMINGO (PROSE) CHAPTER-4

The Rattrap Class 12 Question Answer | English Notes By Atul Sir। UP Board & CBSE

The Rattrap - Pure Hindi Summary For Up Board

यह कहानी एक गरीब कबाड़ी (रैटट्रैप बेचने वाला) के बारे में है जो बहुत गरीब है। वह रैटट्रैप (चूहा पकड़ने का पिंजरा) बनाकर बेचता है। वह अकेला रहता है और उसके पास खाने को भी कुछ नहीं है। इसलिए वह भीख मांगता है और कभी-कभी छोटी-मोटी चोरी भी कर लेता है।

एक दिन उसे एक सोच आती है। वह सोचता है कि पूरी दुनिया ही एक बहुत बड़ा रैटट्रैप है। जैसे चूहा पकड़ने के पिंजरे में पनीर या मांस का टुकड़ा रखकर चूहे को लालच दिया जाता है, वैसे ही इस दुनिया में धन, खाना, कपड़ा, घर, दौलत का लालच देकर इंसान को फंसाया जाता है। जब इंसान इस लालच में फंस जाता है तो वह इस रैटट्रैप से बाहर नहीं निकल पाता।

एक रात वह जंगल में भटक रहा होता है और उसे एक बूढ़े आदमी की झोपड़ी मिलती है। बूढ़ा आदमी अकेला रहता है और बहुत दयालु है। वह कबाड़ी को रात में अपने घर में रहने देता है, उसे खाना खिलाता है और तंबाकू भी देता है। वह बूढ़ा आदमी गाय का दूध बेचकर 30 क्रोनर (स्वीडन की करेंसी) कमाता है। वह बूढ़ा कबाड़ी को अपनी कमाई दिखाता है और उसे एक चमड़े की थैली में रखकर खिड़की के पास लटका देता है।

अगले दिन कबाड़ी जल्दी उठकर बूढ़े आदमी के पैसे चुराकर भाग जाता है। वह जंगल में भागता है पर रास्ता भटक जाता है। उसे लगता है कि वह भी अब उसी दुनिया के रैटट्रैप में फंस गया है। वह बहुत पछताता है।

भटकते हुए वह रामसजो आयरनवर्क्स (लोहे की फैक्ट्री) पहुंचता है। वह वहाँ रात बिताता है। वहाँ का मालिक, जो आयरनवर्क्स का मालिक है, उसे देखकर समझता है कि यह उसका पुराना दोस्त कैप्टन वॉन स्टाहले है। कबाड़ी कुछ नहीं कहता। मालिक सोचता है कि वह उसका पुराना फौजी दोस्त है और उसे अपने घर क्रिसमस मनाने के लिए ले जाता है।

आयरनवर्क्स मालिक की बेटी एडला विलमैनसन बहुत दयालु है। वह कबाड़ी को देखकर समझ जाती है कि वह चोर नहीं है, बल्कि एक गरीब आदमी है। वह उसे अच्छे कपड़े देती है, खाना खिलाती है और इज्जत देती है। कबाड़ी को पहली बार किसी ने इज्जत दी है।

अगले दिन क्रिसमस पर चर्च से खबर आती है कि रामसजो में एक रैटट्रैप बेचने वाले ने बूढ़े आदमी के 30 क्रोनर चुराए हैं। तब आयरनवर्क्स मालिक को पता चलता है कि वह उसका दोस्त नहीं है। वह गुस्सा हो जाता है और कबाड़ी को पुलिस को देना चाहता है। पर एडला कहती है कि क्रिसमस के दिन हम किसी को घर से नहीं निकालते। वह उसे रहने देती है।

सुबह कबाड़ी चुपचाप वहाँ से चला जाता है। वह जाते-जाते एक पैकेट छोड़ जाता है। उस पैकेट में बूढ़े आदमी के चुराए हुए 30 क्रोनर और एक छोटा रैटट्रैप होता है और एक चिट्ठी होती है।

चिट्ठी में लिखा होता है - "प्रिय एडला, आपने मुझे एक चूहे की तरह नहीं, बल्कि एक इंसान की तरह इज्जत दी। इसलिए मैं चोर से इंसान बन गया। आपने मुझे इस रैटट्रैप से बाहर निकाल दिया। आपके लिए यह छोटा रैटट्रैप क्रिसमस का तोहफा है और 30 क्रोनर वापस लौटा रहा हूँ। - कैप्टन वॉन स्टाहले।"

इस तरह दयालुता और इज्जत ने एक चोर को इंसान बना दिया।

*_*____

The Rattrap - Proper Summary in English Language)

SUMMARY IN ENGLISH (For CBSE Board)

This story is about a poor peddler who sells rattraps (cages to catch rats). He is very poor, lonely and has no food to eat. So he begs and sometimes steals small things.

One day an idea comes to him. He thinks that the whole world is a big rattrap. As rats are trapped by putting cheese or meat in the rattrap, similarly humans are trapped by riches, food, clothes, shelter. When a man is trapped by these temptations, he cannot come out.

One night he is roaming in the forest and he finds a cottage of an old crofter. The old man is lonely and kind. He gives shelter to the peddler, gives him food and tobacco. The old crofter earns 30 kronor by selling cow milk. He shows his money to the peddler and keeps it in a leather pouch hanging near the window.

Next morning the peddler wakes up early and steals the 30 kronor and runs away into the forest. But he loses his way. He feels that he is also trapped in the world's rattrap. He repents.

While wandering, he reaches Ramsjo Ironworks. He spends the night there. The ironmaster, who is the owner, sees him and thinks he is his old friend Captain Von Stahle. The peddler does not say anything. The ironmaster invites him to his home for Christmas.

The ironmaster's daughter Edla Willmansson is very kind and observant. She understands that the peddler is not a thief but a poor man. She gives him good clothes, food and respect. For the first time, someone respects him.

Next day on Christmas, news comes from church that a rattrap seller has stolen 30 kronor from an old man in Ramsjo. Then the ironmaster comes to know that he is not his friend. He becomes angry and wants to hand him to police. But Edla says that on Christmas day we should not turn anyone out. She lets him stay.

In the morning, the peddler quietly leaves. While going, he leaves a packet. In the packet there are 30 kronor and a small rattrap and a letter.

The letter says - "Dear Edla, You treated me not like a rat but like a human being and a Captain. So I have changed from a thief to a human. You have saved me from the rattrap. For you this small rattrap is a Christmas gift and I am returning 30 kronor. - Captain Von Stahle."

Thus kindness and respect changed a thief into a human being.

*_**_*

CHARACTER SKETCH OF THE PEDDLER / RATTRAP SELLER - IN PURE ENGLISH for CBSE

The peddler or rattrap seller is the central character of the story The Rattrap. He is very poor, lonely and homeless. He makes rattraps by begging material from stores and sells them. He has no food, no shelter.

He is not a hard-core criminal. He steals only when he is hungry. He has a philosophical thought that the whole world is a big rattrap and humans are trapped by temptations of riches and luxuries.

He is a victim of society. Society never shows him kindness, so he becomes a thief. But from inside he is good. When Edla Willmansson shows him kindness, respect and love, he changes. He returns the stolen 30 kronor and leaves a rattrap as Christmas gift. His transformation shows that kindness and respect can change a criminal into a human.

He is a round character who changes from a thief to a good human at the end.

*_**_*___

कबाड़ी / रैटट्रैप बेचने वाले का चरित्र चित्रण - शुद्ध हिंदी में UP Board

कबाड़ी या रैटट्रैप बेचने वाला इस कहानी का मुख्य पात्र है। वह बहुत गरीब, अकेला और बेघर है। वह दुकानों से भीख मांगकर सामान लेकर रैटट्रैप बनाता है और बेचता है। उसके पास खाने को रोटी नहीं, रहने को घर नहीं।

वह पक्का अपराधी नहीं है। वह सिर्फ भूख लगने पर ही चोरी करता है। उसकी एक दार्शनिक सोच है कि पूरी दुनिया एक बड़ा रैटट्रैप है और इंसान धन-दौलत के लालच में फंस जाता है।

वह समाज का शिकार है। समाज ने उसे कभी दया नहीं दिखाई, इसलिए वह चोर बन गया। पर दिल से वह अच्छा है। जब एडला विलमैनसन उसे दया, इज्जत और प्यार दिखाती है तो वह बदल जाता है। वह चुराए हुए 30 क्रोनर लौटा देता है और एक रैटट्रैप क्रिसमस गिफ्ट के रूप में छोड़ जाता है। उसका बदलना दिखाता है कि दया और इज्जत एक अपराधी को इंसान बना सकती है।

वह एक ऐसा पात्र है जो कहानी के अंत में चोर से अच्छा इंसान बन जाता है।

*_**_*___

CHARACTER SKETCH OF EDLA WILLMANSSON - IN PURE ENGLISH for CBSE

Edla Willmansson is the daughter of the ironmaster of Ramsjo Ironworks. She is young, kind, compassionate and observant.

She is not like her father. She is more intelligent. When she meets the peddler, she understands that he is not Captain Von Stahle but a poor tramp. Still she treats him kindly because she feels pity for him.

She is very kind-hearted. She brings the peddler to her home for Christmas, gives him good clothes, food and shelter even though she knows he is poor. When her father wants to hand him to police after knowing he is a thief, Edla stops him. She says Christmas is a day of kindness, we should not turn out a poor man.

Her kindness and respect change the peddler. He returns the stolen money and becomes a good human. She proves that love and kindness can change anyone. She is the real heroine of the story.

*_**_*___

एडला विलमैनसन का चरित्र चित्रण - शुद्ध हिंदी में UP Board

एडला विलमैनसन रामसजो आयरनवर्क्स के मालिक की बेटी है। वह जवान, दयालु, करुणामयी और समझदार है।

वह अपने पिता जैसी नहीं है। वह ज्यादा बुद्धिमान है। जब वह कबाड़ी से मिलती है तो वह समझ जाती है कि वह कैप्टन वॉन स्टाहले नहीं है बल्कि एक गरीब आदमी है। फिर भी वह उस पर दया करके उसे दयालुता से पेश आती है।

वह बहुत दयालु हृदय की है। वह कबाड़ी को क्रिसमस के लिए अपने घर लाती है, उसे अच्छे कपड़े, खाना और रहने की जगह देती है, भले ही वह जानती है कि वह गरीब है। जब उसके पिता को पता चलता है कि वह चोर है और उसे पुलिस को देना चाहते हैं, तो एडला उन्हें रोकती है। वह कहती है कि क्रिसमस दया का दिन है, हमें किसी गरीब को घर से नहीं निकालना चाहिए।

उसकी दयालुता और इज्जत कबाड़ी को बदल देती है। वह चुराया हुआ पैसा लौटा देता है और अच्छा इंसान बन जाता है। वह साबित करती है कि प्यार और दया किसी को भी बदल सकती है। वह कहानी की असली नायिका है।

*_**_*__

THE RATTRAP - WORD MEANINGS (Full Chapter)

English Word Hindi Meaning English Meaning

Rattrap चूहा पकड़ने का पिंजरा Cage for catching rats

Peddler फेरी वाला, कबाड़ी Seller who goes door to door

Vagabond आवारा, घुमक्कड़ Homeless wanderer

Miserable दयनीय, गरीब Very poor

Plods धीरे-धीरे चलना Walks slowly

Bait चारा, लालच Food to trap

Riches धन-दौलत Wealth

Temptation लालच Greed

Shelter रहने की जगह Place to live

Crofter झोपड़ी में रहने वाला किसान Small farmer

Comrade साथी, मित्र Friend

Porridge दलिया A food

Tobacco तंबाकू Tobacco

Kronor क्रोनर (स्वीडन की मुद्रा) Currency of Sweden

Pouch थैली Small bag

Hanging लटका हुआ Hanged

Robbery चोरी Theft

Wander भटकना To roam

Forest जंगल Jungle

Ironworks लोहे की फैक्ट्री Iron factory

Ironmaster लोहे की फैक्ट्री का मालिक Owner of iron factory

Captain Von Stahle कैप्टन वॉन स्टाहले (एक फौजी) Name of a Captain

Christmas क्रिसमस का त्योहार Christmas festival

Daughter बेटी Daughter

Compassion दया, करुणा Kindness

Respect इज्जत Honour

Tramp आवारा, गरीब आदमी Poor wanderer

Church चर्च, गिरजा Church

Gift तोहफा Present

Letter चिट्ठी Letter

THE RATTRAP - COMPLETE WORD MEANING LIST (50+ Words)

_Part A - Starting ke Difficult Words_

1.  Rattrap - चूहा पकड़ने का पिंजरा - Rat catching cage

2.  Peddler - फेरी वाला, कबाड़ी - Who sells rattraps

3.  Vagabond - आवारा - Homeless person

4.  Plods - भारी कदमों से चलना - Walks slowly with heavy steps

5.  Material - सामान - Things

6.  Begging - भीख मांगना - Asking for alms

7.  Bait - लालच, चारा - Food to trap

8.  Temptation - लालच - Greed

9.  Riches - अमीरी, धन - Wealth

10. Shelter - रहने की जगह - Place to stay

11. Joy - खुशी - Happiness

_Part B - Crofter ke Words_

12. Crofter - छोटा किसान - Small farmer living alone

13. Cottage - झोपड़ी - Small hut

14. Porridge - दलिया - Food made of grain

15. Tobacco - तंबाकू - Tobacco for smoking

16. Smoked - धुआं उड़ाया - To smoke

17. Cow - गाय - Cow

18. Milk - दूध - Milk

19. Kronor - क्रोनर (पैसा) - Currency of Sweden (30 kronor)

20. Pouch - थैली - Small leather bag

21. Window frame - खिड़की की चौखट - Window border

22. Robbery - डकैती - Theft

23. Stole - चुराया - Took away

_Part C - Ironworks ke Words_

24. Forest - जंगल - Jungle

25. Lost his way - रास्ता भटक गया - Lost path

26. Ramsjo Ironworks - रामसजो लोहे की फैक्ट्री - Iron factory name

27. Ironmaster - फैक्ट्री का मालिक - Owner of ironworks

28. Captain Von Stahle - कैप्टन वॉन स्टाहले - Old army friend

29. Regiment - सैनिक टुकड़ी - Army group

30. Tramp - गरीब आवारा - Poor wanderer

31. Dismiss - भगा देना, हटाना - To remove

32. Forge - भट्टी, लोहारखाना - Place where iron is heated

33. Hammers - हथौड़े - Hammers

34. Clatter - खटखट की आवाज - Noise

35. Unkempt - अस्त-व्यस्त, गंदा - Dirty, not clean

_Part D - Edla ke Words_

36. Edla Willmansson - एडला विलमैनसन - Ironmaster's daughter

37. Compassionate - दयालु - Kind-hearted

38. Observed - ध्यान से देखा - Noticed

39. Frightened - डरा हुआ - Afraid

40. Embarrassed - शर्मिंदा - Shy

41. Christmas - क्रिसमस - Christian festival

42. Christmas Eve - क्रिसमस की पूर्व संध्या - Night before Christmas

43. Church - चर्च - Place of worship

44. Gift - उपहार - Present

45. Christmas gift - क्रिसमस का तोहफा - Gift on Christmas

46. Respect - इज्जत - Honour

47. Human being - इंसान - A person

_Extra Board Exam Words_

48. Peddler - कबाड़ी - Seller

49. Interlocked - आपस में फंसा हुआ - Locked together

50. Redemption - उद्धार, सुधरना - Change from bad to good

51. Transformation - बदलाव - Change

52. Kindness - दयालुता - Being kind

53. Humanity - मानवता - Human nature

*_**_**_*___

THE RATTRAP - IMPORTANT SHORT QUESTION ANSWERS

_Q1. What is the rattrap and who sells it?_

_Ans:_ Rattrap is a cage to catch rats. A poor vagabond peddler makes rattraps from begged material and sells them door to door. He is homeless and poor.

_Q2. What idea came to the peddler about the world?_

_Ans:_ The peddler thought that the whole world is a big rattrap. Riches, food, clothes and shelter are baits. When a man is tempted by them, he gets trapped and cannot come out.

_Q3. Who was the old crofter and how did he treat the peddler?_

_Ans:_ The old crofter was a lonely old man who lived in a cottage and sold cow milk. He was very kind. He gave shelter, food and tobacco to the peddler and showed him his 30 kronor.

_Q4. Why did the peddler steal 30 kronor?_

_Ans:_ The peddler was very poor and greedy. When he saw 30 kronor in a leather pouch hanging near the window, he stole it next morning and ran into the forest.

_Q5. Why did the peddler lose his way in the forest?_

_Ans:_ After stealing money, the peddler ran into the forest to avoid police. But the forest was confusing and he lost his way. He felt that he was trapped in the rattrap of the world.

_Q6. What is Ramsjo Ironworks?_

_Ans:_ Ramsjo Ironworks is an iron factory. The peddler reached there at night to take shelter. Its owner is the ironmaster who mistakes the peddler as his old friend Captain Von Stahle.

_Q7. Who is Edla Willmansson?_

_Ans:_ Edla Willmansson is the young, kind daughter of the ironmaster. She is compassionate and observant. She brings the peddler to her home for Christmas and treats him with respect.

_Q8. Why did the ironmaster invite the peddler to his home?_

_Ans:_ The ironmaster thought the peddler was his old army friend Captain Von Stahle from his regiment. So he invited him to his home to celebrate Christmas.

_Q9. Why did Edla let the peddler stay even after knowing he is a thief?_

_Ans:_ Edla is kind-hearted. She said that on Christmas Eve we should not turn out a poor man. She felt pity and let him stay and gave him respect.

_Q10. What did the peddler leave as Christmas gift?_

_Ans:_ The peddler left a small rattrap as Christmas gift for Edla and returned the stolen 30 kronor with a letter saying that her kindness made him a good human from a thief.

*_**_*_

THE RATTRAP - LONG QUESTION ANSWER (5-6 Marks)

_Q1. Describe the peddler's philosophy about the world being a rattrap._

_Ans:_ The peddler is very poor and lonely. He has no home and no food. So he begs and sometimes steals. One day an idea comes to him. He thinks the whole world is a big rattrap. As rats are attracted by cheese and meat kept in rattrap and get trapped, similarly humans are attracted by riches, food, clothes, shelter and luxuries. These are baits. When a man touches them, he gets trapped and cannot come out. This philosophy gives him joy in his loneliness. Later he himself gets trapped after stealing 30 kronor and feels the world is really a rattrap.

_Q2. How did Edla Willmansson change the peddler?_

_Ans:_ Edla Willmansson is a kind, young daughter of ironmaster. She is observant. She understands the peddler is not Captain but a poor tramp. Still she treats him kindly and invites him for Christmas.

She gives him good clothes, food and shelter. She respects him like a Captain. When her father wants to hand him to police, she stops him saying Christmas is for kindness.

Her kindness touches the peddler's heart. For first time someone respected him. So he changes from a thief to a good human. He returns 30 kronor and leaves a rattrap as gift with a letter thanking Edla for saving him from rattrap. Her kindness brings his transformation.

_Q3. What is the theme or central idea of The Rattrap?_

_Ans:_ The main theme of The Rattrap is that kindness, love and respect can change a criminal into a good human.

The peddler is poor and becomes a thief because society never shows him kindness. But when Edla shows him compassion and treats him like a Captain, he changes. He returns stolen money.

Second theme is that the world is a big rattrap. Materialistic things like money, food, clothes are baits that trap humans. If we fall in greed, we get trapped.

The story also teaches that we should not hate criminals but show them kindness. Human goodness is hidden in everyone. Edla is the symbol of kindness and humanity. Her goodness brings redemption of the peddler.

-*_**_**_*____

THE RATTRAP - IMPORTANT MCQs

_Q1. Who is the author of The Rattrap?_

a) Selma Lagerlof

b) William Douglas

c) Alphonse Daudet

d) Anees Jung

_Ans: a) Selma Lagerlof_

_Q2. What does the peddler sell?_

a) Rattraps

b) Bangles

c) Vegetables

d) Clothes

_Ans: a) Rattraps_

_Q3. What does peddler think about the world?_

a) World is a big rattrap

b) World is beautiful

c) World is small

d) World is bad

_Ans: a) World is a big rattrap_

_Q4. How much money did the old crofter have?_

a) 30 kronor

b) 40 kronor

c) 20 kronor

d) 50 kronor

_Ans: a) 30 kronor_

_Q5. Where did the crofter keep his money?_

a) In a leather pouch hanging near window

b) In a bank

c) Under pillow

d) In pocket

_Ans: a) In a leather pouch hanging near window_

_Q6. What is Ramsjo?_

a) Ironworks factory

b) A village

c) A city

d) A river

_Ans: a) Ironworks factory_

_Q7. Who is the owner of Ramsjo Ironworks?_

a) Ironmaster

b) Crofter

c) Edla

d) Captain

_Ans: a) Ironmaster_

_Q8. Whom did ironmaster think peddler was?_

a) Captain Von Stahle

b) His son

c) Thief

d) His brother

_Ans: a) Captain Von Stahle_

_Q9. Who is Edla Willmansson?_

a) Daughter of ironmaster

b) Wife of crofter

c) Peddler's sister

d) Teacher

_Ans: a) Daughter of ironmaster_

_Q10. What did peddler leave as Christmas gift?_

a) A small rattrap and 30 kronor

b) A big rattrap

c) Money only

d) Nothing

_Ans: a) A small rattrap and 30 kronor_

*_**_*_

CONCLUSION

The story "The Rattrap" teaches us a great lesson that kindness and respect can change a criminal into a good human being. The peddler was a thief because society never respected him. But Edla's kindness transformed him. The story also teaches that the world is a big rattrap and we should not fall in greed for riches. We should be kind to all and help poor people.

*_**_**_**_**_**_**_**_*____

Thank You ! 

All the Best! 

😊✌

CHAPTER- 3 Deep Water Class 12 Question Answer | English Notes By Atul Sir। UP Board & CBSE

FLAMINGO (PROSE) CHAPTER-3

Deep Water Class 12 Question Answer | English Notes By Atul Sir। UP Board & CBSE

Deep Water - Pure Hindi Summary For Up Board

यह कहानी लेखक विलियम डगलस के बचपन के डर के बारे में है। जब वह 3-4 साल का था तो वह कैलिफोर्निया के समुद्र किनारे गया। वहाँ एक लहर ने उसे उठा लिया और फेंक दिया। वह बहुत डर गया और तभी से उसे पानी से डर लगने लगा।

जब वह 10-11 साल का था तो वह Y.M.C.A. के स्विमिंग पूल में तैरना सीखने गया। पूल 2 फीट से 9 फीट गहरा था। एक दिन एक 18 साल का हट्टा-कट्टा लड़का आया और मजाक-मजाक में डगलस को उठाकर गहरे पानी (9 फीट) में फेंक दिया। डगलस को तैरना नहीं आता था। वह पानी में डूबने लगा।

वह बहुत घबराया। उसने सोचा कि जैसे ही उसके पैर जमीन पर लगेंगे वह कूद कर ऊपर आ जायेगा। पर 9 फीट बहुत गहरा था। वह 3 बार डूबा और ऊपर आया। उसने पानी बहुत निगला। उसकी सांस बंद होने लगी। उसे लगा कि वह मर जायेगा। अंत में वह बेहोश हो गया और जब होश आया तो वह पूल के किनारे पड़ा था। किसी ने उसे बचा लिया था।

इस घटना के बाद उसे पानी से बहुत तेज डर लगने लगा। वह कई साल तक पानी के पास नहीं गया। जब भी वह नदी, झील या पूल के पास जाता तो उसे वही डर याद आ जाता। उसका डर उसकी जिंदगी का हिस्सा बन गया।

फिर उसने इस डर को खत्म करने का फैसला किया। उसने एक तैराकी के ट्रेनर को रखा। ट्रेनर ने उसे हफ्तों तक तैरना सिखाया। पहले उसने बेल्ट से बांधकर तैरना सिखाया, फिर बिना बेल्ट के। धीरे-धीरे डगलस ने तैरना सीख लिया।

पर उसका डर अभी भी पूरी तरह खत्म नहीं हुआ था। इसलिए उसने अकेले तैरने का फैसला किया। वह लेक वेंटवर्थ, ट्रैक्स झील और कई नदियों में अकेले तैरा। अंत में उसने पाया कि उसका डर खत्म हो गया है।

कहानी हमें सिखाती है कि अगर हम हिम्मत से अपने डर का सामना करें तो हम किसी भी डर को हरा सकते हैं।

*_*____

Deep Water - Proper Summary in English Language)

SUMMARY IN ENGLISH (For CBSE Board)

This story is about the author's childhood fear of water and how he overcame it.

When William Douglas was 3-4 years old, he went to California beach with his father. A wave knocked him down and swept over him. He was frightened and since then he developed a fear of water.

When he was 10-11 years old, he went to Y.M.C.A. swimming pool to learn swimming. The pool was 2 feet to 9 feet deep. One day a big 18-year old bully boy came, picked up Douglas and threw him into the 9 feet deep water as a joke. Douglas did not know swimming. He was drowned.

He was very frightened. He thought that when his feet touch the bottom, he will jump up like a cork. But 9 feet was very deep. He went down three times. He swallowed water. His breath stopped. He felt he would die. At last he became unconscious and when he woke up, he was lying on the side of the pool. Someone had saved him.

After this incident, his fear of water became very strong. For many years he did not go near water. Whenever he went near river, lake or pool, the fear came back. The fear spoiled his fishing, boating and swimming.

Then he decided to overcome his fear. He hired a swimming instructor. The instructor taught him swimming for weeks with a belt and rope. He taught him to put his face under water, to exhale and inhale. Slowly Douglas learned swimming.

But his fear was still not fully gone. So he decided to swim alone. He went to Lake Wentworth, Tieton Lake, Stamp River and many other places and swam alone. At last he found that his fear had gone. He had conquered his fear.

The story teaches that if we face our fear with courage, we can overcome it.

*_**_*

CHARACTER SKETCH OF WILLIAM DOUGLAS - IN PURE ENGLISH for CBSE

William Douglas is the central character and narrator of the story Deep Water. He is courageous, determined and hardworking.

As a child, he was afraid of water due to two incidents - at California beach and at Y.M.C.A. pool. The misadventure at Y.M.C.A. when a bully threw him into deep water made him hydrophobic. His fear remained for many years and spoiled his joys of fishing, boating and swimming.

But he is not a man to accept defeat. He has strong will power. He decides to overcome his fear. He hires an instructor and learns swimming step by step with patience. He practises for months. Then he tests himself by swimming alone in lakes and rivers. Finally he conquers his fear.

He teaches us that fear is only in the mind. If we have determination and courage, we can overcome any fear. He is an ideal example of hard work and will power.

*_**_*___

विलियम डगलस का चरित्र चित्रण - शुद्ध हिंदी में UP Board

विलियम डगलस इस कहानी के मुख्य पात्र और लेखक हैं। वे साहसी, दृढ़ निश्चयी और मेहनती व्यक्ति हैं।

बचपन में दो घटनाओं के कारण उन्हें पानी से डर लगने लगा - कैलिफोर्निया बीच पर लहर से और Y.M.C.A. पूल में डूबने से। जब एक बड़े लड़के ने उन्हें गहरे पानी में फेंक दिया तो वे मरते-मरते बचे। इस घटना के बाद कई साल तक उन्हें पानी से बहुत डर लगता रहा और उनकी मछली पकड़ने, नाव चलाने जैसी खुशियाँ खराब हो गईं।

पर वे हार मानने वाले नहीं हैं। उनमें मजबूत इच्छा शक्ति है। वे अपने डर को हराने का फैसला करते हैं। वे एक ट्रेनर रखते हैं और महीनों तक धैर्य के साथ तैरना सीखते हैं। फिर वे अकेले झीलों और नदियों में तैरकर खुद को परखते हैं। अंत में वे अपने डर पर जीत हासिल कर लेते हैं।

वे हमें सिखाते हैं कि डर सिर्फ मन में होता है। अगर हमारे पास दृढ़ संकल्प और साहस है तो हम किसी भी डर पर जीत पा सकते हैं। वे मेहनत और इच्छा शक्ति के आदर्श उदाहरण हैं।

*_**_*__

DEEP WATER - WORD MEANINGS (Full Chapter)

English Word Hindi Meaning English Meaning

Deep Water गहरा पानी Deep water

Childhood बचपन Early age

California कैलिफोर्निया (अमेरिका में जगह) Place in USA

Beach समुद्र किनारा Sea shore

Wave लहर Big water flow

Knocked down गिरा दिया Made to fall

Frightened डर गया Afraid

Fear डर Fear

Hydrophobia पानी से डर Fear of water

Y.M.C.A. वाई.एम.सी.ए. स्विमिंग पूल Swimming pool name

Pool तालाब, स्विमिंग पूल Swimming pool

Shallow उथला Not deep

Deep गहरा Very deep

Tide ज्वार-भाटा Sea water movement

Treacherous खतरनाक Dangerous

Bully धौंस जमाने वाला, दबंग Bully boy

Ducked पानी में डुबोया Drowned

Tossed फेंका Threw

Swallowed निगल लिया Drank water

Suffocating सांस घुटना Breathless

Unconscious बेहोश Senseless

Terror आतंक Great fear

Instructor प्रशिक्षक, सिखाने वाला Teacher

Belt बेल्ट, पट्टा Belt

Rope रस्सी String

Exhale सांस बाहर निकालना Breathe out

Inhale सांस अंदर लेना Breathe in

Lake झील Big water body

River नदी River

Conquer जीतना To win over

Determination दृढ़ निश्चय Strong will power

Overcome काबू पाना To defeat

DEEP WATER - COMPLETE WORD MEANING LIST (50+ Words)

_Part A - Starting ke Difficult Words_

1.  Childhood - बचपन - Early life

2.  California - अमेरिका का एक राज्य - State in USA

3.  Beach - समुद्र तट - Sea shore

4.  Wave - लहर - Water wave

5.  Knocked down - गिरा देना - To make fall

6.  Swept over - बहा ले जाना - Took away with water

7.  Fright - डर - Fear

8.  Fear of water - पानी से डर - Hydrophobia

9.  Surf - समुद्र की लहरें - Sea waves

10. Treacherous - खतरनाक, धोखेबाज - Dangerous

_Part B - Y.M.C.A. Pool ke Words_

11. Y.M.C.A. - यंग मेंस क्रिश्चियन एसोसिएशन - Swimming Association

12. Pool - स्विमिंग पूल - Swimming tank

13. Shallow - उथला - Not deep (2 feet)

14. Deep end - गहरा हिस्सा - 9 feet side

15. Bully - दबंग, बड़ा लड़का - Strong boy who teases

16. Skinny - दुबला-पतला - Thin

17. Aversion - नफरत, डर - Dislike / Fear

18. Ducked - पानी में धकेला - Pushed into water

19. Tossed - फेंका - Threw

20. Swallowed - पानी निगलना - Drank water

21. Suffocating - दम घुटना - Breathless

22. Panic - घबराहट - Great fear

23. Bob to surface - ऊपर आना - Come up like a ball

24. Cork - कॉर्क, बोतल का ढक्कन - Bottle cap (light)

25. Striking - टकराना - Hitting

26. Lungs - फेफड़े - Breathing organs

27. Ached - दर्द होना - Pained

28. Throbbed - धड़कना - Beat fast

29. Dizzy - चक्कर आना - Giddy

30. Unconscious - बेहोश - Senseless

_Part C - Training ke Words_

31. Instructor - प्रशिक्षक - Teacher / Trainer

32. Belt - पट्टा - Belt to hold

33. Rope - रस्सी - String

34. Pulley - घिरनी - Wheel for rope

35. Exhale - सांस छोड़ना - Breathe out

36. Inhale - सांस लेना - Breathe in

37. Nose - नाक - Nose

38. Mouth - मुंह - Mouth

39. Stroke - तैरने की क्रिया - Swimming style

40. Crawl - रेंगना, एक तैराकी स्टाइल - Swimming style

41. Overcome - जीतना - To conquer

42. Determination - दृढ़ निश्चय - Will power

_Part D - Final Victory ke Words_

43. Lake Wentworth - वेंटवर्थ झील - Name of lake

44. Tieton - टिएटन झील - Lake name

45. Stamp River - स्टाम्प नदी - River name

46. Conquer - जीत हासिल करना - To win

47. Terror - आतंक, बहुत बड़ा डर - Great fear

48. Residual - बचा हुआ - Remaining

49. Fear - डर - Afraid feeling

50. Will power - इच्छा शक्ति - Strong determination

51. Courage - साहस - Bravery

*_**_**_*___

DEEP WATER - IMPORTANT SHORT QUESTION ANSWERS

_Q1. When and how did Douglas develop fear of water?_

_Ans:_ Douglas developed fear of water at the age of 3-4 when a wave in California beach knocked him down. Second time at 10-11 years when a bully threw him into 9 feet deep water at Y.M.C.A. pool.

_Q2. What happened at Y.M.C.A. pool?_

_Ans:_ At Y.M.C.A. pool, a big 18-year old bully boy picked up 11-year old Douglas and threw him into 9 feet deep water. Douglas did not know swimming. He went down three times, swallowed water and became unconscious.

_Q3. How did Douglas feel when he was inside water?_

_Ans:_ Inside water, Douglas felt suffocated, his lungs ached, head throbbed, he was dizzy and frightened. He tried to jump up like a cork but failed. He thought he would die.

_Q4. What was the effect of drowning incident on Douglas?_

_Ans:_ After drowning, Douglas became hydrophobic. For many years he avoided water. His fear spoiled his joy of fishing, boating, swimming and bathing in lakes. He could not enjoy water sports.

_Q5. How did Douglas overcome his fear of water?_

_Ans:_ Douglas overcame his fear by hiring a swimming instructor. The instructor taught him swimming step by step with belt, rope and pulley for weeks. Then Douglas swam alone in lakes and rivers to test himself and finally conquered his fear.

_Q6. What did the instructor teach Douglas?_

_Ans:_ The instructor taught him to put his face under water, exhale through nose, inhale through mouth, and do crawl stroke. He used belt and pulley to hold Douglas in water and taught him for months.

_Q7. Why did Douglas go to Lake Wentworth and other lakes?_

_Ans:_ Douglas went to Lake Wentworth, Tieton Lake and other rivers to test whether his fear of water had really gone or not. He swam alone and finally found that his fear was gone.

_Q8. What is the moral of the story Deep Water?_

_Ans:_ The moral is that fear is only in the mind. If we have strong determination, courage and will power, we can overcome any fear. We should face fear, not run from it.

_Q9. What is Y.M.C.A. pool?_

_Ans:_ Y.M.C.A. is Young Men's Christian Association. Its pool was 2 feet shallow to 9 feet deep. It was safer than Yakima river because it had no dangerous currents. Douglas went there to learn swimming.

_Q10. How did Douglas feel after conquering his fear?_

_Ans:_ After conquering his fear, Douglas felt free and happy. He said that he had conquered his fear and this experience made him more confident and strong.

*_**_*_

DEEP WATER - LONG QUESTION ANSWER (5-6 Marks)

_Q1. Describe Douglas's misadventure at Y.M.C.A. pool._

_Ans:_ When Douglas was 10-11 years old, he went to Y.M.C.A. pool to learn swimming. He was sitting alone at the poolside. A big 18-year old bully boy came who was a good swimmer. He thought Douglas was skinny and weak. As a joke, he picked up Douglas and tossed him into the 9 feet deep water.

Douglas went down. He was frightened but he thought that when his feet touch the bottom, he will jump up like a cork and come to surface. But 9 feet was very deep and his jump did not work. He went down three times. He swallowed water, his lungs ached, his head throbbed. He was suffocating. He tried to shout but no sound came. He felt he would die. At last he became unconscious. When he woke up, he was lying on the poolside and someone had saved him. This incident made him hydrophobic for many years.

_Q2. How did Douglas overcome his fear of water?_

_Ans:_ After Y.M.C.A. incident, Douglas had deep fear of water for many years. He could not enjoy fishing, boating or swimming. Then he decided to overcome his fear with strong will power.

He hired a swimming instructor. The instructor taught him for many weeks. In first week, he taught him to put face under water, exhale and inhale. He used a belt and rope with pulley to hold Douglas in water. He taught him crawl stroke. For months Douglas practised with the instructor. Then the instructor made him swim without belt.

But Douglas still felt some fear. So to test himself, he went to Lake Wentworth and swam alone. Then he went to Tieton, Stamp River and many other lakes and rivers and swam alone. At last his residual fear also went away. He had conquered his fear. He felt free and confident.

_Q3. What is the theme or central idea of Deep Water?_

_Ans:_ The main theme of Deep Water is that fear is only in the mind and it can be conquered with determination and hard work.

The story shows how a childhood fear of water spoiled Douglas's life for many years. He could not enjoy water sports. But he did not surrender. He faced his fear with courage and strong will power. He learned swimming step by step and finally overcame his fear by swimming alone in lakes.

The message is that we should not run from fear, but face it. If we face it with courage and practice, we can win over any fear. The story also teaches that experience is the best teacher and hard work always pays.

-*_**_**_*____

DEEP WATER - IMPORTANT MCQs

_Q1. Who is the author of Deep Water?_

a) William Douglas

b) Alphonse Daudet

c) Anees Jung

d) Louis Fischer

_Ans: a) William Douglas_

_Q2. At what age did Douglas first experience fear of water?_

a) 3-4 years at California beach

b) 10-11 years at Y.M.C.A.

c) 18 years

d) 20 years

_Ans: a) 3-4 years at California beach_

_Q3. Where did Douglas go to learn swimming?_

a) Y.M.C.A. pool

b) Yakima River

c) California beach

d) Lake Wentworth

_Ans: a) Y.M.C.A. pool_

_Q4. Who threw Douglas into deep water?_

a) A big bully boy of 18 years

b) His instructor

c) His father

d) His friend

_Ans: a) A big bully boy of 18 years_

_Q5. How deep was the deep end of Y.M.C.A. pool?_

a) 2 feet

b) 9 feet

c) 5 feet

d) 6 feet

_Ans: b) 9 feet_

_Q6. How many times did Douglas go down in water?_

a) Two times

b) Three times

c) One time

d) Four times

_Ans: b) Three times_

_Q7. Who helped Douglas to overcome fear?_

a) Swimming instructor

b) His father

c) Bully boy

d) His mother

_Ans: a) Swimming instructor_

_Q8. What did instructor use to teach swimming?_

a) Belt, rope and pulley

b) Only hands

c) Boat

d) Life jacket

_Ans: a) Belt, rope and pulley_

_Q9. Where did Douglas swim alone to test his fear?_

a) Lake Wentworth

b) Tieton Lake

c) Stamp River

d) All of these

_Ans: d) All of these_

_Q10. What is the moral of Deep Water?_

a) Face your fear with courage and you can overcome it

b) Never go to swimming pool

c) Avoid water

d) Fear is good

_Ans: a) Face your fear with courage and you can overcome it_

*_**_*_

CONCLUSION

The story "Deep Water" teaches us a great lesson that fear is only in our mind. If we have courage, strong will power and determination, we can conquer any fear. William Douglas shows that hard work, practice and courage can make us free from fear. We should never run away from fear, but face it boldly.

*_**_**_**_**_**_**_**_*____

Thank You ! 

All the Best! 

😊✌

CHAPTER -2 Lost Spring - Stories of Stolen Childhood Class 12 Question Answer | English Notes By Atul Sir। UP Board & CBSE

FLAMINGO (PROSE) CHAPTER-2

Lost Spring - Stories of Stolen Childhood Class 12 Question Answer | English Notes By Atul Sir। UP Board & CBSE

Lost Spring - Pure Hindi Summary For Up Board

साहेब-ए-आलम नाम का एक गरीब लड़का है जो दिल्ली की सीमापुरी बस्ती में रहता है। उसका नाम का मतलब है 'ब्रह्मांड का मालिक', पर हकीकत में वह कचरा बीनने वाला है। उसका परिवार 1971 में बांग्लादेश के ढाका से भारत आया था, क्योंकि वहाँ बाढ़ और गरीबी के कारण उनका जीना मुश्किल हो गया था। सीमापुरी में 10,000 से ज्यादा कचरा बीनने वाले रहते हैं जो मिट्टी के घरों में रहते हैं, जहाँ पानी और नाली तक नहीं है।

साहेब रोज सुबह कचरे में सोना ढूंढता है। सोने का मतलब है कभी एक रुपया, कभी दस रुपया मिल जाना। वह नंगे पांव घूमता है। लेखिका जब उससे पूछती है कि क्या वह स्कूल जाता है तो वह कहता है कि कोई स्कूल ही नहीं है। अमीर बच्चों के पास जूते और स्कूल है, पर गरीब बच्चों के पास कुछ नहीं।

बाद में साहेब को चाय की दुकान पर 800 रुपये महीने पर नौकरी मिल जाती है। अब वह कचरा नहीं बीनता, पर उसकी आजादी खत्म हो जाती है। उसके हाथ में कचरे वाला प्लास्टिक का थैला नहीं, बल्कि एक भारी स्टील का कनस्तर है। अब वह अपना मालिक नहीं रहा। उसके चेहरे की खुशी गायब हो गई।

दूसरी कहानी मुकेश की है जो फिरोजाबाद में रहता है। फिरोजाबाद चूड़ियों का शहर है। वहाँ हर घर में चूड़ियाँ बनती हैं। मुकेश के परिवार में भी पीढ़ियों से यही काम हो रहा है। पर मुकेश चूड़ी नहीं बनाना चाहता। वह बड़ा होकर मोटर-गाड़ी का ड्राइवर बनना चाहता है। वह कार चलाना सीखना चाहता है।

फिरोजाबाद के चूड़ी बनाने वाले बहुत गरीब हैं। वे अंधेरे, सीलन भरे, छोटे कमरों में भट्ठियों के पास काम करते हैं। उनकी आँखें खराब हो जाती हैं। साहूकार, बिचौलिये, पुलिस और नेता उनका शोषण करते हैं। वे कर्ज में फंसे रहते हैं। मुकेश की दादी कहती है कि चूड़ी बनाना उनकी किस्मत है, उनका करम है, इसे बदला नहीं जा सकता। पर मुकेश इस किस्मत को तोड़ना चाहता है। वह हिम्मत करके कहता है "मैं ड्राइवर बनूंगा।"

दोनों कहानियों में एक ही बात है - गरीबी बच्चों का बचपन (Spring) चुरा लेती है।

*_*____

Lost Spring - Proper Summary in English Language)

SUMMARY IN ENGLISH (For CBSE Board)

Little Saheb-e-Alam lives in Seemapuri, a slum on the outskirts of Delhi. His name means 'Lord of the Universe' but in reality he is a poor ragpicker. His family migrated from Dhaka, Bangladesh in 1971 due to floods and poverty. 10,000 ragpickers live in Seemapuri in mud houses with no water and no sewage.

Every morning Saheb roams barefoot searching for gold in garbage dumps. Gold means a rupee or ten rupees. When the author asks him if he goes to school, he says there is no school in his area. Rich children have shoes and school, but poor children have nothing.

Later Saheb gets a job at a tea stall for Rs. 800 per month. Now he does not pick garbage, but he loses his freedom. He carries a heavy steel canister instead of a light plastic bag. He is no longer his own master. His happiness is gone.

The second part is about Mukesh who lives in Firozabad, the city of bangles. Every family there makes bangles. Mukesh's family has been doing this work for generations. But Mukesh does not want to make bangles. He wants to be a motor driver when he grows up. He wants to learn to drive a car.

The bangle makers of Firozabad are very poor. They work in dark, dingy, small rooms near hot furnaces. Their eyes become weak and they lose eyesight. They are exploited by sahukars, middlemen, policemen and politicians. They remain in debt. Mukesh's grandmother says that making bangles is their destiny and karam and it cannot be changed. But Mukesh wants to break this destiny. He courageously says "I will be a driver."

Both stories show the same thing - poverty steals the childhood (Spring) of children.

*_**_*

CHARACTER SKETCH OF SAHEB-E-ALAM - IN PURE ENGLISH for CBSE

Saheb-e-Alam is the central character of the first part of Lost Spring. He is a 12-14 years old poor ragpicker boy from Seemapuri, Delhi. He migrated from Dhaka, Bangladesh. His full name means 'Lord of the Universe' but irony is that he is extremely poor and lives in a slum.

He is innocent, hardworking and full of dreams. He roams barefoot searching for gold in garbage. He wants to go to school and play tennis like rich boys. He is very practical. When he gets a job at a tea stall for Rs. 800, he accepts it, but he loses his carefree life and freedom. The steel canister seems heavier than his plastic bag. He represents thousands of poor children in India who are forced into child labour and lose their childhood.

*_**_*___

साहेब-ए-आलम का चरित्र चित्रण - शुद्ध हिंदी में UP Board

साहेब-ए-आलम इस कहानी के पहले भाग का मुख्य पात्र है। वह 12-14 साल का गरीब कचरा बीनने वाला लड़का है जो सीमापुरी, दिल्ली में रहता है। वह ढाका, बांग्लादेश से आया है। उसके पूरे नाम का अर्थ है 'ब्रह्मांड का मालिक' पर वह बहुत गरीब है और झुग्गी में रहता है।

वह मासूम, मेहनती और सपनों से भरा है। वह नंगे पांव कचरे में सोना ढूंढता है। वह स्कूल जाना चाहता है और अमीर बच्चों की तरह टेनिस खेलना चाहता है। वह बहुत व्यावहारिक है। जब उसे चाय की दुकान पर 800 रुपये में नौकरी मिलती है तो वह उसे स्वीकार कर लेता है, पर वह अपनी मस्ती भरी जिंदगी और आजादी खो देता है। स्टील का कनस्तर उसके प्लास्टिक के थैले से ज्यादा भारी लगता है। वह भारत के उन हजारों गरीब बच्चों का प्रतीक है जो बाल मजदूरी करने को मजबूर हैं और अपना बचपन खो देते हैं।

*_**_*___

CHARACTER SKETCH OF MUKESH - IN PURE ENGLISH for CBSE

Mukesh is the central character of the second part of Lost Spring. He is a 12-14 years old boy from Firozabad. He belongs to a bangle-maker family. He is poor but very courageous and determined.

His family has been making bangles for generations, but he does not want to follow the same work. His dream is to become a motor car driver. He says "I will be a motor mechanic, I will learn to drive a car." This shows his will to break the vicious circle of poverty and tradition.

He is different from his family. His grandmother believes that making bangles is their destiny, but Mukesh wants to write his own destiny. He represents the hope and courage of poor children who want to come out of poverty.

*_**_*___

मुकेश का चरित्र चित्रण - शुद्ध हिंदी में UP Board

मुकेश इस कहानी के दूसरे भाग का मुख्य पात्र है। वह फिरोजाबाद का 12-14 साल का लड़का है जो चूड़ी बनाने वाले परिवार से है। वह गरीब है पर बहुत साहसी और दृढ़ निश्चयी है।

उसका परिवार पीढ़ियों से चूड़ियाँ बनाता आ रहा है, पर वह वही काम नहीं करना चाहता। उसका सपना है मोटर-गाड़ी का ड्राइवर बनना। वह कहता है "मैं मोटर मैकेनिक बनूंगा, कार चलाना सीखूंगा।" यह गरीबी और परंपरा के दुष्चक्र को तोड़ने की उसकी इच्छा को दिखाता है।

वह अपने परिवार से अलग है। उसकी दादी मानती है कि चूड़ी बनाना उनकी किस्मत है, पर मुकेश अपनी किस्मत खुद लिखना चाहता है। वह उन गरीब बच्चों की आशा और साहस का प्रतीक है जो गरीबी से बाहर निकलना चाहते हैं।

*_**_*__

LOST SPRING - WORD MEANINGS (Full Chapter)

English Word Hindi Meaning English Meaning

Seemapuri सीमापुरी (दिल्ली की बस्ती) A slum in Delhi

Periphery बाहरी छोर Outer area

Ragpicker कचरा बीनने वाला Garbage collector

Scrounging खोजना, ढूंढना Searching for something

Garbage कचरा Waste material

Survival जीवित रहना To stay alive

Barefoot नंगे पांव Without shoes

Roams घूमना Wanders

Sweeping झाड़ू लगाना Cleaning

Mutter गुनगुनाना, बड़बड़ाना Murmur

Muttering बड़बड़ाते हुए Murmuring

Shanty town झुग्गी-बस्ती Slum

Squatter अवैध रूप से बसा हुआ Illegal settler

Deprived वंचित Lacking facilities

Despair निराशा Hopelessness

Acquired प्राप्त किया Got

Master मालिक Owner

Canister कनस्तर, डब्बा Container

Firozabad फिरोजाबाद (चूड़ी शहर) City of bangles

Bangle चूड़ी Glass ring

Furnace भट्टी High temperature oven

Dingy गंदा और अंधेरा Dirty and dark

Cellar तहखाना Underground room

Hovel झोपड़ी Small dirty hut

Crumbling टूटता हुआ Breaking

Wobbly हिलता-डुलता Unsteady

Sanctum पवित्र स्थान Holy place

Spiral गोल-गोल घुमाव Round shape

Sahukar साहूकार, महाजन Moneylender

Middleman बिचौलिया Agent

Bureaucrat अधिकारी Officer

Vicious दुष्ट, क्रूर Cruel

Vicious circle दुष्चक्र Trap

Karam कर्म, भाग्य Destiny

Lineage वंश, पीढ़ी Family line

God-given भगवान द्वारा दिया गया Given by God

LOST SPRING - COMPLETE WORD MEANING LIST (50+ Words)

_Part A - Starting ke Difficult Words (Saheb Wale)_

1.  Anees Jung - लेखिका का नाम - Author name

2.  Seemapuri - सीमापुरी बस्ती - Slum in Delhi

3.  Periphery - बाहरी इलाका - Outer area

4.  Ragpicking - कचरा बीनना - Collecting garbage

5.  Scrounging - कचरे में ढूंढना - Searching in garbage

6.  Gold - सोना (यहाँ पैसा) - Valuable coin

7.  Priorities - प्राथमिकताएं - Important things

8.  Survival - अस्तित्व बचाना - To live

9.  Barefoot - नंगे पांव - Without shoes

10. Garbage dump - कचरे का ढेर - Heap of waste

11. Acquired - प्राप्त किया - Got

12. Means - साधन - Resources

_Part B - Seemapuri ke Words_

13. Squatters - अवैध रूप से बसे लोग - Illegal settlers

14. Wilderness - सुनसान, वीरान - Empty land

15. Despair - निराशा - No hope

16. Deprived - वंचित - Without facilities

17. Sweeper - सफाई कर्मचारी - Cleaner

18. Roams - भटकना - Wanders

19. Canister - पीपा, कनस्तर - Steel container

20. Master - मालिक - Owner

21. Own master - खुद का मालिक - Independent

_Part C - Firozabad ke Words_

22. Firozabad - चूड़ियों का शहर - City of bangles

23. Bangle maker - चूड़ी बनाने वाला - Bangle manufacturer

24. Furnace - भट्टी - Big oven

25. Dingy - अंधेरा और गंदा - Dark and dirty

26. Drab - फीका, उदास - Dull

27. Hovel - झोपड़ी - Small hut

28. Crumbling - गिरता हुआ - Falling

29. Wobbly - हिलता हुआ - Shaking

30. Slog - कठिन मेहनत करना - Hard work

31. Daylight - दिन का उजाला - Day light

32. Sanctum - गर्भगृह, पवित्र जगह - Holy place

33. Spirals - घुमावदार - Coiled rings

34. Head - ढेर - Heap

35. Bang - धमाका - Explosion

_Part D - System ke Words_

36. Sahukar - साहूकार - Moneylender

37. Middleman - बिचौलिया - Agent

38. Policeman - पुलिस वाला - Police

39. Politician - नेता - Leader

40. Bureaucrat - अधिकारी - Officer

41. Vicious circle - गरीबी का जाल - Trap

42. Trapped - फंसा हुआ - Caught

43. Destiny - किस्मत - Fate

44. Karam - कर्म - Deed/Fate

45. Lineage - वंश परम्परा - Family generation

46. God-given - ईश्वर प्रदत्त - Given by God

47. Impoverished - गरीब - Very poor

48. Stigma - कलंक - Mark of shame

49. Bureaucracy - नौकरशाही - System of officials

_Extra Board Exam Words_

50. Choked - दम घुटना - Suffocated

51. Echo - गूंज - Reflection of sound

52. Soldering - टांका लगाना - Joining metals

53. Flash - चमक - Bright light

54. Hurtling - तेजी से भागना - Moving fast

55. Voluntarily - अपनी मर्जी से - By own wish

*_**_**_*___

LOST SPRING - IMPORTANT SHORT QUESTION ANSWERS

_Q1. Who is Saheb and where does he live?_

_Ans:_ Saheb-e-Alam is a poor ragpicker boy who lives in Seemapuri, a slum on the outskirts of Delhi. He came from Dhaka, Bangladesh.

_Q2. Why does Saheb search garbage?_

_Ans:_ Saheb searches garbage for gold. Gold means a coin of one rupee or ten rupees. It is his only source of earning and hope.

_Q3. Why do ragpickers not wear shoes?_

_Ans:_ Ragpickers do not wear shoes because of poverty and tradition. They are too poor to buy shoes and they have a tradition to remain barefoot.

_Q4. What job did Saheb get? Was he happy?_

_Ans:_ Saheb got a job at a tea stall for Rs. 800 per month. He was not happy because he lost his freedom. He was no longer his own master.

_Q5. What is Seemapuri?_

_Ans:_ Seemapuri is a slum area on the periphery of Delhi where 10,000 ragpickers live. They live in mud houses with roofs of tin and tarpaulin and have no facilities.

_Q6. Who is Mukesh and what is his dream?_

_Ans:_ Mukesh is a 14-year old boy from Firozabad who belongs to a bangle-maker family. His dream is to become a motor car driver and not a bangle maker.

_Q7. Why is Firozabad famous?_

_Ans:_ Firozabad is famous for bangles. Every other family in Firozabad makes bangles. It is the centre of India's glass-blowing industry.

_Q8. What is the vicious circle of bangle makers?_

_Ans:_ The vicious circle is made by sahukars, middlemen, policemen, bureaucrats and politicians. They exploit the bangle makers and keep them poor. They cannot come out of poverty.

_Q9. What does Mukesh's grandmother say about bangle making?_

_Ans:_ His grandmother says that bangle making is their God-given lineage and karam. It is their destiny to make bangles and it cannot be changed.

_Q10. What is the meaning of Lost Spring?_

_Ans:_ Lost Spring means lost childhood. Spring is the season of joy and growth. But poor children like Saheb and Mukesh lose their childhood due to poverty and child labour.

*_**_*_

LOST SPRING - LONG QUESTION ANSWER (5-6 Marks)

_Q1. What is the condition of ragpickers of Seemapuri?_

_Ans:_ The ragpickers of Seemapuri are very poor people who migrated from Dhaka, Bangladesh in 1971. They live in a slum on the outskirts of Delhi. There are 10,000 ragpickers living in mud structures with roofs of tin and tarpaulin. They have no sewage, no drainage and no water facility.

They live for survival. Food is more important than identity. They have ration cards and voter cards but no real identity. Children like Saheb roam barefoot and pick garbage for survival. They search for gold in garbage which means a one rupee or ten rupee coin. They are very poor and deprived. They want to go to school but there is no school.

_Q2. What is the condition of bangle makers of Firozabad?_

_Ans:_ The bangle makers of Firozabad are very poor. They work in small, dark, dingy huts near hot furnaces. The light is flickering and dim. Their eyes become weak due to working in dark. They live in stinking lanes with overflowing garbage.

They are caught in a vicious circle of poverty. Sahukars, middlemen, policemen and politicians exploit them. They take loans and cannot repay. They have accepted bangle making as their destiny and karam. They believe it is God-given.

Mukesh is different. He wants to be a driver and break this tradition. He shows hope and courage. His dream shows that he wants to come out of this poverty trap.

_Q3. What is the theme or central idea of Lost Spring?_

_Ans:_ The main theme of Lost Spring is child labour and poverty. The story shows how poverty forces small children to work and they lose their childhood which is called spring.

Saheb and Mukesh should be in school but they are forced to work. Saheb picks garbage and Mukesh makes bangles. They are innocent but poverty snatches their childhood.

The story also shows the exploitation by the system - sahukars, middlemen, police, bureaucrats and politicians. They do not let the poor come out of poverty.

The author Anees Jung wants to give a message that we should end child labour, give education to all children and break the vicious circle of poverty. Every child has the right to enjoy his spring (childhood).

-*_**_**_*____

LOST SPRING - IMPORTANT MCQs

_Q1. Who is the author of Lost Spring?_

a) Anees Jung

b) Alphonse Daudet

c) William Douglas

d) Louis Fischer

_Ans: a) Anees Jung_

_Q2. What is the full name of Saheb?_

a) Saheb-e-Alam

b) Saheb Singh

c) Saheb Kumar

d) Saheb Firozabad

_Ans: a) Saheb-e-Alam_

_Q3. Where does Saheb live?_

a) Seemapuri, Delhi

b) Firozabad

c) Dhaka

d) Bihar

_Ans: a) Seemapuri, Delhi_

_Q4. How much money did Saheb earn at tea stall?_

a) Rs. 500

b) Rs. 800

c) Rs. 1000

d) Rs. 300

_Ans: b) Rs. 800_

_Q5. What does Saheb search in garbage?_

a) Gold - one rupee coin

b) Silver

c) Food

d) Shoes

_Ans: a) Gold - one rupee coin_

_Q6. What is Firozabad famous for?_

a) Shoes

b) Bangles

c) Clothes

d) Books

_Ans: b) Bangles_

_Q7. What does Mukesh want to become?_

a) Bangle maker

b) Motor driver

c) Teacher

d) Policeman

_Ans: b) Motor driver_

_Q8. What is the vicious circle made by?_

a) Sahukars, middlemen, policemen, politicians

b) Children

c) Teachers

d) Doctors

_Ans: a) Sahukars, middlemen, policemen, politicians_

_Q9. What does Mukesh's grandmother believe?_

a) Bangle making is their destiny and karam

b) They can become rich

c) They can go to school

d) They can be drivers

_Ans: a) Bangle making is their destiny and karam_

_Q10. What is the meaning of Lost Spring?_

a) Lost season

b) Lost childhood

c) Lost money

d) Lost bangles

_Ans: b) Lost childhood_

*_**_*_

CONCLUSION

The story "Lost Spring" teaches us a great lesson of poverty and child labour. It shows that poor children like Saheb and Mukesh lose their childhood due to poverty. They are forced to work instead of going to school. We should help them, give them education and break the vicious circle of poverty. The government should end child labour and every child should get a chance to enjoy his childhood (Spring).

*_**_**_**_**_**_**_**_*____

Thank You ! 

All the Best! 

😊✌

Types of Pronoun

TYPES OF PRONOUN :

There are six types of Pronoun:

       I.            Personal Pronoun

   II.            Definite Pronoun

III.            Indefinite Pronoun

 IV.            Relative Pronoun

    V.            Interrogative Pronoun

 VI.            Reflexive Pronoun

VII.            Possessive Pronoun

VIII.            Emphatic Pronoun

 IX.            Reciprocal Pronoun

1. Personal Pronoun: The word which indicates speaker, listener and any other man or woman, is called personal pronoun.

E.g:1. I was learning my lesson.

2. When did you go there?

3. He did not come here today.

* Personal Pronoun has divided into three parts:

1. First Person: It is a speaker who tells about himself.

E.g: I, We, Us, My, etc.

2. Second Person: It is a listener.

E.g: You, Your, etc.

3. Third Person: It is a absenter man about him talking is going on.

E.g: He, She, It, Them, etc.

There are three case in personal pronoun which are given below:

Person	Nominative Case	Possessive Case	Objective Case
First Person	I	My	Me
	We	Our	Us
Second Person	You	Your	You

Third Person	He	His	Him
	She	Her	Her
	They	Their	Them
	It	Its	It

2. Definite Pronoun (Demonstrative Pronoun): The word which suggests noun and used in the place of noun.

E.g: 1. These are my books.

2. Our players are more disciplined than those of the other team.

3. Indefinite Pronoun (Distributive Pronoun): The word which suggests indefinite persons or things, is called Indefinite Pronoun.

E.g:     They say that all politicians are liars.

            Everyone wants to see that film.

            None of them could swim across.

4. Relative Pronoun (Exclamatory Pronoun):It presents relation with that noun which comes before the pronoun.

E.g:     1. This is the girl whom I met in the school.

            2. This is the car which my father has given me.

5. Interrogative Pronoun: The word which is used in the starting of sentences as a question, is called Interrogative Pronoun.

E.g:     1. Whomdid he marry?

            2. What do you want?

            3. Who is knocking at the door?

6. Reflexive Pronoun: when the word- ‘self’ or ‘selves’ is added respectively my, your, him, her and our, your, them, is called Reflexive Pronoun.

E.g:     1. I helped myself.

            2. They helped themselves.

7. Possessive pronoun: Mine, ours, yours, his, here, theirs.

8. Emphatic or Emphasizing Pronoun: myself, ourselves, yourself, yourselves, himself, herself, itself, themselves, and oneself.

9. Reciprocal Pronoun: each other, one another.

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TO BE CONTINUED . . .

Types of Noun

KINDS OF NOUN:

There are two basis of Noun:

On the basis of caste:

There are five types of noun:

1.      Proper noun

2.      Common noun

3.      Material noun

4.      Collective noun

5.      Abstract noun

On the basis of numbers:

Some grammarians define its two different types. These are as follow:

1.      Countable noun

2.      Uncountable noun

1. Proper Noun: The word which identifies the name of any special person, place and thing, is called proper noun.

E.g: Ram, Mohan, Geeta, Ramayan, Agra, India, etc.

Note:1. Proper Noun is always started with capital letter.

2. Proper Noun has no mistake.

2. Common Noun: The word which identifies the person of a caste or community is called common noun.

E.g:Man, Woman, Boy, Girl, Mountain, Book, Country, Garden, Doctor, Teacher, etc.

        I.            Ram is a Proper Noun but man is a Common Noun.

     II.            Akbar is Proper Noun but king is Common Noun.

3. Material Noun: The word which is used for making new things with itself, is called material noun.

E.g: Wood, Milk, Gold, etc.

4. Collective Noun: The word which includes a group, is called collective noun.

E.g: Army, Team, Nation, Fleet, Herd, etc.

5. Abstract Noun: The word which identifies quality, work and condition, is called abstract noun.

E.g:

       I.            Quality: Honesty, Bravery, Wisdom, etc.

   II.            Action: Thought, Movement, Statement, etc.

III.            State : Youth, Sleep, Sickness, Birth, etc.

1.Countable Noun: The word which can count, is called countable noun.

E.g: Pen, Pencil, Table, Orange, Boy, etc.

2. Uncountable Noun: The word which cannot count.

E.g: Water, Tea, Sugar, Bravery, etc.